ON THE SUPPOSED NORMAL OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIA IN PLANTS. 



LITERATURE. 



1865. TRECUL, A. Mature amylacee et cryptogames 

 amyliferes dans les vaisseaux du latex de 

 plusieurs Apocynees. Compt. Rend, des Se. 

 de L'Acad. des Sciences, Paris, 1865, T.LXI, pp. 

 156-160. See also T. LXI, pp. 432-436, andT. 

 LXV 1867, pp. 513 to 521. 



Trecul reported finding Amylobacter in the pitch- 

 cells of fig and in the cortex of Sambucus, Solanaceae, 

 and Crasulaceae. 



1868. NYLANDER. Animadv. circa historian! Amylo- 

 bacteriaceam. Flora, 1868. 



1876. PASTEUR, Louis. Etudes sur la biere, etc. Paris, 

 Gauthier Villars, 1876, pp. 54-57. 



1879. CHAMBERLAND, CHARLES-EDOUARD. Recherches 



sur 1'origine et sur le developpement, des 

 organismes microscopiques. Ann. de 1'Ecole 

 Normal super., 1879, Paris. 



1880. CHAMBERLAND, CHARLES-EDOUARD. These, 



Paris, 1880, p. 35. 

 1882. BURRILL, T. J. The bacteria, 1882, p. 42. 



See also some vegetable poisons, Tr. Am. 



Asso. Adv. Sci., 1882, p. 515, and Am. Mo. 



Micro. Jour., Oct., 1882, p. 192. 

 1884. JORISSEN, A. Les proprietes reductrices des 



graines et la formation de la diastase. Bull. 



d 1'Acad. Royale de Belgique, T. vm, 3rd Ser., 



PP. 550-555. 



1884. RALPH, S. On the occurrence of bacteria in 



living plants. Trans. Roy. Soc., Victoria, 

 vol. xx, 1884. 



1885. LAURENT, E. Sur la pretendue origine bac- 



terienne de la diastase. Bull, de 1'Acad. 

 Royal de Belgique a Bruxelles, 3 serie, Tome 

 x, No. 7, 1885, pp. 38-57. Also a separate, 

 22 pp. 



1885. DUCLAUX, E. Sur la germination dans un sol 

 riche en matieres organiques, mais exempt de 

 microbes. Compt. rend. hebd. des seances 

 de 1'Acad. des Sciences, Paris, 5 Jan., Tome C., 

 1885, pp. 66-68. 



1885. BRASSE, LiiON. Un moyen de debarrasser les 



graines des germes de microbes adherents a 

 leur surface. Compt. Rend, et Mem. Soc. de 

 Biologic, Paris, 1885, T. 37, 8 Ser., pp. 196, 197. 



1886. FRANKHAUSER . Der Bund, No. 26, Berne. 



Not seen. 



1887. GALIPPE, V. Note sur la presence de micro- 



organismes dans les tissus vegetaux. Compt. 

 Rend. hebd. de la Soc. de Biologic, Paris, 

 1887, pp. 410-416. See also Jour, des con- 

 naissances medicales, Paris, 30 Juin, 1887. 



1 888. FERNBACH, A. De 1'absence des microbes dans 



les tissus vegetaux. Ann. de 1'Institut 

 Pasteur, 2 annee, Paris, 1888, pp. 567-570. 

 A review of Galippe's work. 



1888. DI VESTEA, A. De 1'absence des microbes dans 

 les tissus vegetaux. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pas- 

 teur, 2 annee, Paris, 1888, pp. 670-671. 



1888. BERNHEIM, HUGO. Die parasitaren Bacterien 

 der Cerealien. Miinchner med. Wochen- 

 schrift, 1888, pp. 743-745, 767-770. 



1888. BUCHNER, - . Notiz betreffend die Frage 



des Vorkomrnens von Bacterien in normalen 

 Pflanzengewebe. Muenchner med. Wochen- 

 schrift, 1888, No. 52, pp. 906-907. 



1889. LEHMANN, K. B. Erklarung in Betreff der 



Arbeit von Herrn Dr. Hugo Bernheim: "Die 

 parasitaren Bakterien der Cerealien. ' ' Muench . 

 med. Wochenschrift, 1889, p. no. 



1889. LEHMANN, K. B. Erklarung in Betreff der 



Arbeit von Herrn Dr. Hugo Bernheim: "Die 

 parasitaren Bakterien der Cerealien," Nebst 

 Weitern eigenen Versuchen. Archiv f. 

 Hygiene, Bd. ix, 1889, pp. 350-361. 



1890. FAZIO, EUGENIO. I microorganismi nei vegetali 



usati freschi nell'alimentazione. Rivista inter- 

 nazionale d'igiene. Anno i, 1890, No. 13, pp. 

 15-23, 99-107, 162-167. Reviewed in Cen- 

 tralbl. f. Bakt., etc., 4 Jahrg., 1890, Bd. VH, 

 p. 798. 



1890. CORNEILLE, A. V. AND BABES, V. Les bac 

 teries 3 ed., Paris, 1890, Felix Alcan, p. 20. 



They assert that Duclaux has shown that the germination 

 of plants is impossible without the presence of bacteria, but this 

 is incorrect. Duclaux showed only that when peas and beans 

 were germinated in milk they behaved exactly as when 

 germinated in pure water. In a comment on Duclaux's paper, 

 Pasteur hazarded the supposition that animal life required 

 the presence of bacteria, and hence perhaps the origin of 

 the confusion. 



1890. BROWN, HORACE T., AND MORRIS, G. HARRIS. 



Researches on the germination of some of 



the Gramineae. Jour. Chem. Soc., vol. 57, 



1890, pp. 458-528 (see especially p. 512). 



Healthy seeds contain no bacteria. 



1890. LAURENT, EMILE. Sur la reduction des nitrates 

 par Levurede Biere et par quelque Moisissures. 

 Bull, de 1'acad. Royale de Belgique, Tome xx, 

 1890, pp. 309 to 317. Also Bull. Soc. Roy. 

 de Botan. de Belgique, T. 28, p. 233. 

 Healthy seeds contain no bacteria. 



1890. LAURENT, EMILE. Experiences sur 1'absence 



de bacteries, dans les vaisseaux des plantes. 

 Bull, de 1' Academic Royal des Sciences, des 

 Lettres et Beaux- Arts de Belgique, 1890, 3me 

 series, T. 19, pp. 468-471. 



1900. WEIL, R. Die Entstehung des Solanins in den 

 Kartoffeln als Product bakterieller Einwirk- 

 ung. Pharmaceut, Ztz., 1900, No. 93, p. 901. 



1891. KRAMER, ERNST. BakteriologischeUntersuchun- 



gen ueber die Nassfaule der Kartoffelknollen. 

 Oesterreichisches landw. Centralb. I, Heft i, 

 1891. 



1892. RussELL, H. L. Bacteria in their relation to 



vegetable tissue. Thesis, Johns Hopkins 

 University, 1892, 8vo., pp. 41. 



1892. WOHL, A. Ueber die Bildung des Lupulins 



und den Micrococcus Humuli Launensis. 

 Oesterr. landw. Centralb. 1892, from Allgem. 

 Brauer und Hopfenzeitung, 1892, No. 47. 

 1902. Ellrodt, Ueber das Eindringen von Bakterien 

 in Pflanzen. Centralb. f. Bakt., 2 Abt. Bd. 

 ix, 1902, p. 639. 



1893. DIXON, HENRY H. On the germination of seeds 



in the absence of bacteria. [Read Dec. 21, 

 1892.] Scientific Trans, of the Royal Dublin 

 Society, vol. v (series n), part I, May, 1893, 

 Dublin, pp. i to 4, i fig. Also a separate 4 

 pages. 



Experiments undertaken as a result of the erroneous state- 

 ment of Corneille and Babes. 



1894. KOCHS, . Giebt es ein Zellenleben ohne 



Mikroorganismen? Biologisches Centralbl. 



Bd. xvi, 1894, No. 14. Rev. in Centralbl. f. 



Bakt., etc., Bd. xvi, 1894, pp. 633-634. 

 The fact that plants can be grown to maturity from sterile seed 

 in sterile vessels shows that plants can develop independently 

 of bacteria. 



