BACILLI BETWEEN TYPHOID AND COLON ORGANISMS 431 



but do not agglutinate in either paratyphoid A or B sera. An anti- 

 serum produced with these types usually reacts with the homologous 

 strain only. Such organisms have been studied by Krumwiede and 

 many others, including ourselves. Strains recently isolated at this 

 laboratory came from cases of nephritis, German measles, jaundice, 

 and the stools of healthy soldiers, done as a matter of routine. 



In 1898, Gwyn * reported a case at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 

 which presented all the symptoms of typhoid fever, but lacked serum 

 agglutinating power for Bacillus typhosus. From the blood of the pa- 

 tient, Gwyn isolated an organism, with cultural characteristics similar 

 to those of the Gartner bacillus, which he called a ' ' paracolon bacillus. ' ' 

 This bacillus was agglutinated specifically by the serum of the patient. 



Gushing, 2 in 1900, isolated a similar microorganism from a costo- 

 chondral abscess, appearing during convalescence from typhoid fever. 



In the same year, Schottmuller 3 reported five cases from which 

 similar bacilli were isolated. Careful cultural studies of the microor- 

 ganisms here obtained showed that they could be divided into two simi- 

 lar, yet distinctly different types, one of them, the "Miiller" organism, 

 approaching closely to the typhoid type, especially in its growth upon 

 potato; the other, the "Seeman" type, .corresponding more closely to 

 the Gartner bacilli. Similar cases were reported by Kurth, 4 Buxton 

 and Coleman, 5 Libman, 6 and others. 



The two types of organisms, paratyphoid A and B, described by 

 Schottmuller and studied by many other observers, can be culturally 

 differentiated, though not without difficulty. 



Type A is more delicate in its growth on various media than B, 

 growing with almost invisible growth on potato, and differing from 

 typhoid in its gas formation on dextrose broth. Milk is not coagu- 

 lated, but remains turbid, not being finally cleared by solution of the 

 casein as in similar cultures of type B. Lactose whey is acidified and 

 remains acid. This organism has been isolated from the normal intes- 

 tines of animals by Morgan. 7 Kutscher for this reason suggests that 

 essentially and except in rare instances this organism is a non-patho- 



1 Gwyn, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1898. 



2 Gushing, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull, 1900. 



3 Schottmiilkr, Deut. med. Woch., 1900; Zeit. f. Hyg., xxvi. 



4 Kurth, Deut. med. Woch., 1901. 



6 Buxton and Coleman, Proc. N. Y. Pathol. Soc., Feb., 1902. 



6 Libman, Jour. Med. Res., N. S., iii, 1902. 



7 Morgan, cited from Kutscher, Kolle und Wassermann, Handbiich. Erganzungs, I. 



