DISEASES CAUSED BY SPIROCH^TES 601 



then be fished, after cutting the tubes, and directly transplanted to 

 other serum-agar-tissue tubes prepared as before, and eventually will 

 grow in pure culture. By this method Noguchi has also cultivated pure 

 cultures from lesions in monkeys, and has produced lesions both in rab- 

 bits and monkeys with his pure cultures. He has thus for the first time 

 carried out Koch's postulates with syphilis and established beyond the 

 shadow of a doubt the etiological significance of Spirochseta pallida in 

 syphilis. 



The writer, with Hopkins, has successfully applied Noguchi's method 

 and has found that, after once cultivated artificially, the treponema 

 pallidum can be obtained in quantity best by cultivation in flasks con- 



FIG. 131. SPIROCH,ETA PALLIDA. Liver, congenital syphilis. 

 (Levaditi method.) 



taining heated or unheated rabbit kidney with ascitic oroth and sealed 

 with paraffin. Recently we have been using modifications of a method 

 worked out in our laboratory by Miss Gilbert, in which slanted egg, 

 with or without glycerin, made as for tubercle cultivation, is used in- 

 stead of kidney tissue. This is put up in high tubes and ascitic broth 

 and paraffin oil added. By this method, large quantities of culture, 

 pallida are obtained within two weeks and can be concentrated in large 

 quantities. 



Animal Pathogenicity. Until very recently, all experimental inoc- 

 ulation of animals was unsuccessful. During the year 1903 Metchnikoff 

 and Roux l finally succeeded in transmitting the disease to monkeys. 

 The monkey first used by these observers was a female chimpanzee. 

 At the point of inoculation, the clitoris, there appeared, twenty-six days 

 after inoculation, a typical indurated chancre, which was soon followed 

 by swelling of the inguinal glands. Fifty-six days after the inoculation 

 there appeared a typical secondary eruption, together with swelling of 

 the spleen and of the lymph nodes. Similar successful experiments were 



1 Metchnikoff et Roux, Ann. de 1'inst. Pasteur, 1903, 1904, and 1905. 



