DR JOHNSTON ON THE CEPHALOPODA OF BERWICKSHIRE. 199 



tacula, and on the under surface of the fins ; eyes large, without lids ; lips 

 plaited ; surrounding the mouth and attached to the. base of the arms, there 

 is a thin membrane with six angles, produced and armed in the central aspect 

 with very small suckers ; suckers of the arms biserial, of the tentacula quad- 

 riserial, and placed only on the enlarged tips ; sac trilobate ; dorsal plate 

 large, like a pen, the shaft being towards the head. Length of the body six- 

 teen inches, of the tentacula fourteen, of the arms about six, but they are un- 

 equal, and some of them do not exceed four, of the bone fourteen and a half 

 inches. Makes an excellent bait for cod, but does not occur in sufficient 

 numbers to be used by our fishermen. The ink is jet black. I have found 

 the beaks of a small individual in the stomach of a large one, so that it cer- 

 tainly feeds occasioniilly on its own race. 



2. Z. sagittata, the fins, with the tcail, forming a triangular expansion; 

 margin of the sac even ; dorsal plate narrow, three-ribbed, widest 

 at the apex and lanceolate, the inferior end saccate. Lam. Anim. s. 

 Vert. vii. 663. Flem. Brit. Anim. 253. Sepia Loligo, Monro Phy. of 

 Fishes, 62. tab 41 and 42. 



Hah. Berwick Bay. 



This is commonly less than the preceding, and, from the shape and position of the 

 fins, the outline of the body is considerably different. The sac is smooth, 

 cylindraceOLis, tapered to a point below, the upper margin free, even or only 

 obscurely pointed in the middle of the back. The dorsal j^late is thin, narrow, 

 strengthened with a rib down the centre and a stronger one along each mar- 

 gin, widest and lanceolate at the top, whence it gradually grows narrower 

 until within an inch or so of the end, whore the ribs seem to unite in one, and 

 the plate is again dilated and formed into a pouch at the termination. The 

 lip encircling the beaks is furnished with numerous suctorial papillae ; and the 

 membrane at the base of the arms is more or less distinctly divided into eight 

 angular pointed segments. Arms unequal in size, tapered, straight, with two 

 rows of suckers ; tentacula as long as the body, covered with suckers to 

 within an inch and a half of their origins, but at first tlie suckers are very 

 small, and become suddenly larger towards the extremities ; all of them hang 

 from a short peduncle that has a lateral insertion, and small suckers, on 

 longer peduncles, are intermixed with the larger ; these are cnp-like, and 

 have the margin armed with a horny denticulated ring. The ink is of a 

 blackish-brown colour, or dark olive-gi-een. The stomach of a large specimen 

 I found filled with fragments of Alaria esculenta, on which the ci'eature had 

 been feeding when taken, for pieces of the same were found between the beaks 

 half swallowed. It appears, therefore, that this species feeds occasionally at 

 least on sea-weed. 



3. Sepiola. Leach. 



1 . 8. vulgaris, suckers in two alternate rows ; tentacula without suc- 

 kers. Grant in Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 77. tab. 11. fig. 3 — 13. Sepiole 

 commune, Cuv. Eeg. Anim. iii. 15. Loligo sepiola. Lam. Anim. s. 

 Vert. vii. 664. i^/^w. Brit. Anim. 253. Sepia sepiola, Z«Vm. Penn. 

 Brit. Zool. iv. 117. tab. 31. fig. 2. 



Hob. Berwick Bay, very rare. 



Body one inch long, smooth, irregularly and closely spotted with red and brown, 

 and the spots appear and disappear at the animal's pleasure, assuming various 

 forms ; head large ; eyes large, without lids ; iris black, the conjunctiva 

 white ; suckers biserial ; the arms unequal ; tentacula as long as the body, 



