106 HISTORY OF THE 



The horse, in a state of maturity, which is at 

 five years, has forty teeth. He has six incisory or 

 cutting teeth, in each jaw ; these are situated in 

 front ; two canine teeth, or tusks, in each jaw, 

 ' situated behind the incisors ; and six molars, or 

 grinding teeth, in each jaw, situated behind the 

 tushes. 



The age of a horse is known by certain marks 

 on their incisory teeth, but no reference whatever 

 is made to the grinders. 



Fig. 1. Represents the anterior portions of the 

 lower jaw of a foal, with the two central incisory 

 teeth, or nippers, which make their appearance in 

 seven or eight days after birth. 



Fig, ^ Between two and three months the centre 

 nippers have reached their proper level, and the 

 second pair grown as represented. 



Fig. 3. represents the nippers complete in num- 

 ber at a year old, the four middle teeth being 

 worn level, and the two outer ones becoming 

 flat, the mark of the two middle teeth get faint 

 and wide, in the next two it becomes darker, and 

 more narrow, being darker, longer, and narrower 

 in the outer jaw. 



Fig. 4. the nippers at two years old, which ex- 

 hibit a considerable change, in the shape and 

 markings. 



Fig. 5. shews the nippers at three years old ; 

 the central ones being considerably larger than the 

 others, doubly grooved on their outer convex sur- 



