BRITISH TURF. 107 



face. The marks on the next two incisors being 

 nearly obhterated, and beginning to disappear in 

 the corner nippers. When a horse is rising three 

 years, his two central nippers above and below, 

 fall out, and are replaced by new ones, having the 

 hollow mark in the middle, at the end of this 

 year the tusks will have made their appearance, 

 as represented in the figure ; there is also a visible 

 difference in the form of the jaw. 



Fig. 6. the nippers at four years ; the central 

 nippers are perfectly formed, and the sharp edges 

 a little worn off, with the mark shorter, wider, and 

 fainter. 



Fig. 7. at five years the jaw is nearly perfect, the 

 tusks are much developed. 



Fig. 8. in the sixth year the marks in the centre 

 nippers are worn out. There will however, be 

 some difference of colour in the centre of the tooth, 

 as the cement or enamel which fills the cavity, is of 

 a brownish hue. 



Fig. 9 . represents the jaw at eight years old; 

 at which period the marks on the lower jaw are 

 nearly filled up ; but on the upper jaw they gene- 

 rally continue till ten ; the two central ones are 

 obliterated at eight. 



At this period the disgraceful practice of Bishop- 

 ing is often resorted to ; a term given from the 

 name of the villanous inventor. The marks on 

 the surface of the corner nippers, which have now 



