108 HISTORY OF THE 



nearly become plain, are imitated as at the age of 

 seven, by an engraving tool ; they are then burned 

 with a hot iron, when a permanent black stain is 

 left. This practice is sometimes employed on the 

 next pair of nippers, in a slight degree. By this 

 infamous trick, the ignorant are often imposed 

 on. But the irregular appearance of the cavity, 

 the diffusion of the black stain around the tusks, 

 the sharpened edges, and concave inner surfaces, 

 are wanting, which no art can imitate ; — thus, an 

 attentive observer need not be deceived. 



Fig. 10. shews the nippers at ten, when merely 

 the rudiment of the funnel remains. 



Fig. ] 1. a jaw at twelve year old, the nippers 

 have lost the centre enamel, and the septum of 

 the root is wounded. 



Fig. 12. represents the jaw at sixteen ; all the 

 nippers have become triangular in shape ; and the 

 septum of the root forms a rounded point, on all 

 the tables of the teeth. 



The above description applies to the teeth of the 

 ass, mule, zebra, and quagga, which all undergo 

 a similar change. 



Osmer, an old, but able, and well accredited 

 writer on the horse, defines the meaning of the 

 term, blood, as applied to the horse called thorough- 

 bred, to be a certain elegance of parts, derived from 

 air, climate, food, and training. This being suit- 

 able to the true natural conformation of the animal, 



