xvi Synopsis of Chapters. 



PAGK 



country — A preference just coming into fashion for the horse, and 

 the old management of the ox as a beast of bui-den described 

 and advocated by Young — A want of economy shown regarding 

 the numbers of draught cattle necessary for ploughing, etc. — 

 Bare-fallowing still found to be largely practised — Leases 

 apparently by no means general at this period — The survival of 

 a tribal economy still strongly affects the customs and condi- 

 tions of husbandry — Varieties of leases and practices of crop- 

 ping as evidenced by a perusal of the Reports to the Board of 

 Agriculture — Seignorial reluctance to a system of leases — 

 Lancashire and Norfolk farming customs — Absence of any 

 compensation for unexhausted improvements apparent at this 

 period — Instances of leases having penalty clauses — Tso ex- 

 pressed dislike on the part of landlords to the practice termed 

 "consolidation of holdings" — The situation, condition, and 

 liabilities for the repairs, of farm buildings in di£fei-ent parts 

 of the country — ^ Various practices observed over the letting of 

 farms — Pernicious methods in use for paying the land-agent of 

 the period — The two systems of fines and goodwill shown to 

 necessitate an amount of capital on the part of a tenant far in 

 excess of that actually required in stocking and starting a farm 

 — An almost universal demand for some more equitable form 

 of lease than that-existing at this period, and the particulars 

 of, and objections to, Lord Kaimes's model of an agricultural 

 contract 360-382 



Xlbe IRineteentb Centurs, 



CHAPTER XVII. 



THE LAND FROM THE CITIZEN'S STANDPOINT. 



The coming legislation against rights of landed property fore- 

 shadowed — The changes of a century in the condition of the 

 landowner and farmer — Prejudices evinced bj^ both the Landed 

 and Commercial Interests against each others rights and prac- 

 tices- The rise of the Radical party, and its earlier bids for 

 popular favour — The struggle between the Landed and Com- 

 mercial Interests shown to have never degenerated into a class 

 contest — The effects of the French Revolution on party fortunes 

 — The most distasti^ful feature of the landed monopolies in the 

 merchant's eyes - The custom of primogenitvire and law of in- 

 testate succession — Adam Smith's prejudices against the landed 

 system examined and criticised — The effects of the abolition of 

 primogeniture and entails on the various systems of foreign 

 agriculture— The hatred for the old feudal economy displa3-ed 

 by most European democracies, shown not to have existed to any 

 serious extent in this countrj' — A comparison between the old 

 and new systems of land tenure in France, and their unfavour- 

 able results on modern French society — The origin and economy 

 of both the cultivation a mi fruits and peasant proprietorship 

 proved to have long antedated the institution of the Code Napo- 

 leon — A too minute subdivision of the lands of Fi-ance proved 

 to have been disastrous to all grades of her rural population — 



