The Mismanagement of Landed Property. 361 



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The greater part of the kingdom Young found to be divided 

 into medium-sized farms, those in the North averaging 300 

 acres inclusive of waste, those in the East 561 acres. Great 

 farms, some as much as 6,000 acres, preponderated in North- 

 umberland and Worcestershire, and there were nine farms 

 over 1,000 acres in the East, but all these consisted chiefly of 

 moors, which could have had no useful existence as holdings 

 under a less extensive system. The relation of grass land to 

 arable astonished even Young, who found the proportion far 

 more equal than he had been led to expect, though he had 

 long foretold that the mixed system of husbandry would prove 

 the most remunerative. In the North the proportions were as 

 near as possible equal ; in the East the grass was equal to 

 both the arable and woods put together, and the latter area 

 averaged over 40 acres. He considered the proportion which 

 draught cattle bore to the area under cultivation in the North 

 excessive; in the East moderate, i.e., " not consistent with the 

 best husbandry, but at the same time in no dangerous excess." 

 The proportion of other live-stock to area was fair both in 

 North and East, and that of labour much under what it ought 

 to have been in the North, but better than he should have 

 expected in the East. He found no fault with the large 

 attention paid to wheat cultivation throughout the country, 

 but termed the proportion of oats to barley (because of the 



' Six Months' Tour through the North of England, vol. iii. p. 218. 

 * Farmer^ s Tour in the East of England, vol. iv. p. 378. 



