364 History of the EHglisk Lauded Interest. 



The general yield of all six crops from the various courses 

 then in fashion averaged per acre as follows : — 



A crop and rt f:iliO\Y 3 qrs. (> bus. 



o 



Garstang seems to have been the only district in the North 

 where a sj'stem of fonr crops and a fallow was practised. 

 Young found farms miserablj' understocked. It was not nn- 

 \isual for a beginner to start to cultivate a farm worth £100 a 

 year in rent with only .£-kX"^ of capital. Hoi-ses were just tak- 

 ing the place of oxen, much to Young's regret, who clung to 

 the old method by which farmei-s kept three sets of plough 

 beasts, viz., the young cattle coming into work, the teams 

 actually employed, and the fattening beasts that had served 

 their thi-ee yeai^s at the j'oke. Unfortunately many fiu-nun-s, 

 tempted by the high prices prevailing in the market for lean 

 cattle, took to soiling the first named set. and then when their 

 svstem broke down decided in favom* of the horse as a beast of 

 biu'den, Bakewell, on his light loamj^ farms, used cows for 

 draught pm'poses. deeming them faster than oxen : and Arthm* 

 Young, who saw them at work, corroborated this view.^ Sir 

 Edwai'd Littleton, of Teddesley Park, near Lichfield, wrote, 

 " that for all home business oxen ai'e more advantageous than 

 hoi-ses in every respect, if drawn single and with an inverted 

 collar as horses arc." For light work he used the faster step- 

 ping sjMiytd heifer, and for the hai'dest work of all he used 

 buUs. Marti)}.< had been tried, but were fouud to be inferior 

 ' Eiistern Tour, 1771. A. Yoimg. 



