DIVISION ONK — pre-pasade;nian. 25 



That word " conciliated " simply means that the male Indians who had 

 spirit enough to resist the outrages of the soldiers had either been killed or 

 had fled to the mountains ; those remaining were cowed down and passively 

 submitting to their fate. There was indeed an occasional revolt ; and the 

 old records abound in accounts of floggings, shootings, banishments, sen- 

 tence to exceptionally hard labor, recapture of fugitive Indians, shaving of 

 heads, iron on feet, men (and sometimes a man and woman) chained 

 together by the leg, etc. Hence it would appear that these natives were not 

 so tame and unspirited a race as is commonly supposed,* for they did make 

 all the resistance that was possible for them to make with their crude 

 resources against the superior discipline, weapons and intelligence of the 

 Spaniards. 



THE NAMING OF SAN PASQUAL RANCHO. 



Some time during 1774-75 the San Gabriel Mission was moved from 

 the original site on the banks of the river to its present location ; but some- 

 time before the removal one of the " conversions " or baptisms was that of 

 the old chief, Hahamovic, who had furnished food to Governor Portola's 

 famished party in January, 1770. He was christened by the name of 

 Pascual [spelled with a "c" in Spanish but "q " in Knglish]. This was a 

 name of common occurrence in Spanish usage ; but its special adaptation to 

 him is supposed to have been suggested from the vast and brilliant poppy 

 fields within or bordering on his tribal territory, and which the Spaniards 

 had poetically termed the glorious altar cloth of Holy Easter [San Pascual]. 

 At any rate, he was christened " Pascual," and being the hereditary chief 

 of his clan, he was known to the Spaniards as " Pascual el Capitan," and 

 his people as the " Pascual Indians." Nevertheless, the Rancho San Pas- 

 cual in its distinctive character as a rancho, did not take its name from him, 

 as some writers have supposed — but, as I have narrated elsewhere, it was 

 given as a land grant by the Mission authorities to Eulalia Perez de Guillen ; 

 and as the formal assignment of the land to her occurred on Easter Day 

 [San Pascual in Spanish] therefore this body of land or rancho was called the 

 San Pascual or Easter Day ranch. This was after the Mission lands were 

 threatened to be secularized and Mission rule broken up, in 1826-27 ; but as 

 her claim became forfeited, it does not appear in the official records of title 

 to the ranch. [For full account see Chap. 3.] 



The "Tourists' Guide to South California," page 19-20, gives a pretty 

 complete list of civilized occupations in which our San Pasqual Indians, 

 along with others, were trained, many of them becoming voxy skillful work- 

 men This list has a special historic interest as relating to the intelligence 

 and tractability of these Indians, and is at the same time useful to the 

 English reader for explaining the Spanish terms ; hence I quote it here : 



" Of this rude, ignorant, useless, savage population the padres made 



*This will explain whj' the old stone mill below foot of Lake avenue was built to seiA'e as a fortress, 

 in case of a possible revolt and siege by the Indians. 



