36 " HISTORY OF PASADENA. 



was ready to take a cargo of it ; then it was cut out in great blocks 

 and hauled on carts to San Pedro.* This work was carried on for many- 

 years a few rods south of the present old Mission church just below the 

 S. P. R. R. track. In August, 1894, I found some remaining ruins of these 

 ancient tallow vaults still visible in the Bishop's orange orchard which is 

 enclosed by a high picket fence below the railroad. 



Meatdriers — who prepared jerked beef, sun-dried, for local use and to 

 sell or trade. t The Indians preserved their meat in this way before the 

 Spaniards came. 



Candlemakers — who made tallow dips for selling to ships and in the 

 general market. These were the staple articles for household or ship-light- 

 ing purposes at that time. 



Soap-makers — Hogs were raised chiefly to furnish soap fat, as the In- 

 dians refused to eat hog meat, though the padres ate it,| and the same caul- 

 drons and furnaces were used alternately for tallow rendering and soap boil- 

 ing. The ashes from these furnaces and from the brick and tile works, and 

 bake ovens, were used to leech lye for the soapmakers. 



Tanners — who made dressed leather, and also tanned skins and peltries 

 with hair or fur on. 



Saddlers — The ranches furnished an immense market for these products 

 and it became an important industry ; for horse-back riding was then the 

 chief method of travel or movement in California. 



Shoemakers — Shoes were made for the Mission people, although the 

 Indians mostly went barefooted ; and some were sold to the ranches and 

 town settlements, and to ships at San Pedro. 



Sawmill Men — Prior to about 18 10 or 181 2, such lumber as was ab- 

 solutely necessary was provided either by hewing or splitting with axe, or 

 sawing by hand, with two men above and two in a pit below the log to 

 work the saw up and down ; ^ but now Zalvidea had the great dam built at 

 Wilson lake and a water-power sawmill erected below the dam, to provide 

 lumber for buildings, fences, carts, wine vats, candle and soap boxes, coop- 

 erage, etc., etc. And the labor of cutting and fetching logs, operating the 

 mill and delivering the lumber employed many men. 



Grist Mill Men — Following or in connection with the building of the 



*" The tallow he had laid down in large, arched stone vaults, of sufficient capacitj' to contain several 

 cargoes." — Robinson's "'Life in California" p. 3$. This was at San Fernando Old Mission, in April, 

 1829 ; and it had to be quarried out and hauled to San Pedro, the same as the San Gabriel stock. Davis 

 in his book, "Sixty Years in California," .says the tallow was sometimes run into bags made of hides 

 that would hold from 500 to 1000 pounds each. 



1" The best part of the bullock was preserved by drying, for future consumption."— 5/'.r/j' Years in 

 California p. 36. Another writer of date November 23, 1818, says : " My good mother was in a wagon 

 [cart] which had two hides for a floor and two more for a roof, where after supping on half-roasted 

 ships of dried meat ivithoul salt, she gathered around her her whole family," etc. 



|"The Indians, with few exceptions, refuse to eat pork, alleging the whole hog family to be 

 transformed Spaniards. I find this belief current through every nation of Indians in Mexico." — 

 —Hugo Reid. 



i," Old men rejoicing in the fame of witchcraft, he made sawyers of them all, keeping them like 

 hounds lu couples [chained], and so they worked, two above and two below in the pit." — Hugo Reid. 



Santa Anita Canyon derived its old nickname of " Saw-pit canyon," from this early practice. 



