38 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 



its center, enabling it to turn on a rude wooden axle, soap or tallow being 

 sometimes used for lubricants.* The making and repairing of these carts 

 for themselves and ranchers made work for many men, besides the wheel- 

 wright work for the mills. 



Blacksmiths — California native horses were tough hoofed, and horse- 

 shoeing was scarcely known at the Mission ; but carts and mill gears, and 

 plows, harrows, hoes, picks, shovels, etc., made business enough for this 

 trade. The blacksmiths had to provide their own coal, and hence this trade 

 included charcoal burners. 



Brickyard Men — Making bricks and tiles was an important trade. I 

 found four arched chambers in the old stone mill, besides other parts, where 

 large square bricks were used of their own manufacture ; and also in the 

 ruins of the tallow vaults in the Bishop's orange orchard. The church was 

 originally roofed with thatch ; then with tiles, — but these proved too heavy, 

 broke down the rafters, and had to be changed for shingles ; and the stone 

 mill had a tile roof until Col. Kewen changed it in 1859.! In 1831 there 

 were in Los Angeles four houses roofed with tiles made by the Indians at 

 San Gabriel. 



Masons — This included both brick and stone masons, and cement or 

 artificial stone artisans. Much of their artificial stone or cement work 

 stands yet, as hard as bed rock ; and there is a tradition that the old cement 

 ditch south of the church was made by mixing it with beeves' blood, which 

 is said to account for its extraordinary hardness as found by the railroad 

 graders when they had to cut through it. The Spanish, Irish and Chinese 

 workmen on the railroad grade all believed this bloody fable. 



Limeburners — This trade was carried on quite extensively at the 

 cement quarry where the Lincoln Park reservoir in South Pasadena is now 

 built, right in the ancient lime pit of Father Zalvidea's "converted " Indian 

 limeburners. The cement for the Mission church, and for the stone dams 

 at Wilson lake and on Rose's ranch, and for the stone mill, the later cement 

 ditch and mill-pit ruins south of the church, and for other works, was all 

 obtained at this Lincoln Park quarry. 



Spinners and Weavers — The wom,en were almost entirely assigned to 

 this trade, taking the raw wool and carrying it by hand methods through 

 all the stages of carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, until it came out as 

 cloth or shawls from the looms. 



Tailors and Dressmakers — This was also a trade for women. They 



*" The wheels of these carts were a foot wide, made ol sections of oak logs, never quite round or of 

 uniform thickness, running on equally clumsy axles which were never in the center of the wheel, nor at 

 right angles with the sides Age and wear added to these imperfections, and the wheels when in motion 

 made a tortuous track. As for some reason, or perhaps for no reason at all, these wheels were never 

 lubricated, they made a wonderfully plaintive noise as they rolled along. This was the only wheeled 

 conveyance seen on the coast as late as 1840." — Overland Monthly, March, iS<)4, p. 266. 



tSorae portion of the old roof was asphalt. The early Spaniards had some kn;wledge of the uses 

 of this material ; and its existence here is mentioned in the reportsof Gov. Portola's first visit, 1769-70. 



