DIVIvSION ONE — PRK-PASADNIAN. 45 



the place was ''sojnewhere up in these mountains,''' but as to just which can- 

 yon it was she had no idea ; and the venerable Senora Lopez at San Gabriel 

 could tell me no more ; yet they both knew Chapman. Jose Lugo, old 

 Francesca's son, thought it was Santa Anita Canyon [it was also called 

 ' ' church canyon ' ' while timbers were being gotten out there for the church 

 at San Gabriel]. Arturo Bandini didn't know anything about it. Theodore 

 Lopez believed it was in Canyon el Blanco — now called Millard Canyon. 



At last I learned from E. W. Giddings that in 1877-78, when his father 

 and family settled on their Millard Canyon farm, they found up the canyon 

 some broken pieces and chunks of hewed pine timber, all decayed so that 

 only the shell remained to show the axe-marks ; they were from eight to 

 twelve inches square in size, and had been washed down over Millard Falls 

 from some place above. It was a great mystery to them at the time, for 

 neither they nor any of their old-settler neighbors had ever heard even a 

 tradition of any timber work so far up in the mountains ; and no one could 

 offer any explanation as to how, why, when, or by whom such work should 

 have been done in a place so remote and difficult of access as that above the 

 Falls. And when I told him about Joe Chapman's prisonership in "church 

 canyon", and what I had noticed up in Grand Canyon in 1893, and my sur- 

 mise that this was the "church canyon" of the Los Angeles padres, it was 

 the first inkling of a solution of the hewed drift-wood mystery he had ever 

 heard. He then mentioned that at a place perhaps a mile lower down the 

 canyon than where I had noticed the signs of timber working, there were 

 more very old stumps, now all rotted away, and more graded spaces like 

 remnants of an old road, when he first knew this canyon twenty years ago. 

 He also mentioned that when Mr. Millard first settled in this canyon, in 

 1862 [See article, "Millard Canyon"], there were remnants of a rude old 

 road or dragway up into it along the stream to the Millard Falls, but all 

 signs of that road have since been washed away. J. Reed Giddings also re- 

 membered about their finding fragments of hewed timber among old drift- 

 wood below Millard Falls ; and likewise about the very old stumps and the 

 graded spaces like parts of an old road far up toward the head of the can- 

 yon. And our conclusion was that Chapman and his Indians had dragged 

 their timbers with rawhide ropes down the upper canyon course, and along 

 the mountain sides, and across the spurs, till they reached this old road be- 

 low the falls which was probably only an ox-trail ; and here oxen were 

 hitched to them by means of rawhide ropes lashed around their horns — for 

 the Spaniards had not yet learned or taught the Indians how to hitch up 

 oxen with a yoke on the neck. The hewed fragments which the Giddings 

 people found had most likely been used as blocks for the great logs to rest 

 upon while being hewed, and also as skids on which to slide their hewed tim- 

 bers over difficult places on the way down. This canyon was the nearest point 

 where suitable trees could be reached ; and it gave the most direct and con- 



