52 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 



Chapman got his wheel pit as low as he could to advantage, then 

 carried his foundation walls high enough and off to one side enough so that 

 the framed superstructure for grinding room, etc., should be clear from 

 dampness. Col. Warner in his "Historical Sketches," says this mill was 

 built first, and had a horizontal water wheel on the lower end of a vertical 

 shaft and the revolving mill-stone on the upper end, the same as in the 

 stone mill. On both these points he was mistaken. My Spanish inform- 

 ants in telling me about this one called it an "overshot wheel." They 

 knew how it was different from the horizontal wheel in the old stone mill, 

 but of course did not understand the technical terms for different styles of 

 water wheels ; and from my examination and measurements, and tracing of 

 flumes, forebay and tailrace in the ruins, I know it must have been what is 

 called a "breast wheel," as there was not fall enough for an overshot. 

 [Theodore Lopez, who had seen it when a boy, says it was a breast wheel — 

 or at any rate the water went out under the wheel and not over it.] Chap- 

 man made some wooden cogged miter gears to convert horizontal into verti- 

 cal motion ; and this was Mission Mill No. 2, as built in 1821-22. 



[Note — The grinding stones of this mill were made from great boulders 

 of gray granite or syenite near the mouth of Santa Anita Canyon, and were 

 laboriously pecked into shape by the Indians. The stones were three feet 

 six inches in diameter and about one foot thick. One of them was broken 

 in two and lay there with the ruins in the Bishop's orchard or garden for 

 many years. In 1889 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr of Pasadena procured one of the 

 broken halves, and now has it for a doorstep at the west front of her unique 

 residence on Kensington place. The crest of her roof is also laid with tiles 

 made at San Gabriel by the Indians during Padre Zalvidea's administration. 

 I did not learn what became of the other half of the broken mill-stone. 

 Theodore Lopez said the stone that was not broken was taken away to use 

 in a mill somewhere else, but he did not know the place. The grinding 

 stones of the first Mission mill, and also of the Dan Sexton mill, were made 

 from volcanic tufa instead of granite.] 



In 1 83 1 Chapman also built a ship (schooner) at San Gabriel, hauled it 

 in parts to San Pedro on ox-carts, then put it together and launched it 

 there. -'= He died in 1849, and in 1876 his descendants were living in Ven- 

 tura county ; but in 1895 his grandson, John Chapman, lives at Ballona, 

 lyos Angeles count5^ 



GOLD DISCOVERY IN 1 842. 



In March, 1842, Francisco Lopez, a grandson of Claudio Lopez, discov- 

 ered gold in a canyon about thirty-five miles northeast from Los Angeles, 



*" A launch was to take place at St. Pedro of the second vessel ever constructed in California. She 

 was a schooner ot about sixty tons, that had been entirely framed at St. Gabriel and fitted for subse- 

 quent completion at St. Pedro. Every piece of timber had been hewn and fitted thirty miles from the 

 place, and brought down to the beach upon carts."— /?<?*?«.?j»'i " Life in California," 1832, p. too. 



