DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 415 



three in a row in the other. The friction, the pressure, and the water level 

 are equal, through each perforation, and thus the flowage through each is 

 equal, and divides the waters in proper proportion to each company con- 

 tinuously, whatever the amount of the main supply may be. 



January 22, 1891, the company voted to borrow $50,000 to carry on 

 some necessary improvements, and accordingly issued its bonds at 7 per 

 cent, per annum, interest payable semi-annually. This money was used 

 towards tunneling and piping at Devil's Gate ; enlarging and cementing the 

 Orange Grove reservoir ; laying a large new main down Orange Grove 

 Avenue, and a new ii-inch steel pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir ; put- 

 ting in a new pumping plant at Sheep Corral springs ; building a sub- 

 merged dam there; extending and improving their pipelines; etc. Concern- 

 ing some of these matters I have gleaned a few points and dates. The Star 

 of August 26, 1 891, said : 



"City Engineer J. W. Sedwick has prepared drawings and specifications 

 for the work proposed to be done near Devil's Gate by the two water com- 

 panies for increasing the flow of water from the vicinity of Flutterwheel 

 springs down to the sand-box. It involves the laying of about 500 feet of 

 22-inch steel pipe, 350 feet of which will be laid in a 4x6 tunnel under the 

 hill. It is estimated that the work will cost about $2,500." 



The same paper of September 2 said: 



" At a meeting of the executive committee of the Pasadena Land and 

 Water Company, held yesterday, the contract for laying 2,100 feet of ii-inch 

 steel pipe, to replace the cement pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir, was 

 let to E. White, Sons & Co." 



And September 14 it said: 



"Contracts were signed today by the officers of the Lake Vineyard and 

 the Pasadena Land and Water Companies and Carmichael, Reed & Gillead, 

 for the work of tunneling at Devil's Gate." 



From a report of expenditures in 1893 I quote these items: Income: 

 bonds sold, $27,000; water dues, all classes, total, $13,553.93. Expendi- 

 tures — Orange Grove reservoir, $5,132.35; pump, boiler and oil plant, 

 $7,356-50; work at Devil's Gate, $1,811.59; work at sheep corral springs, 

 $5,215.75 ; fuel, $1,956.59. These are the items of special historic interest. 

 But the total income for this year was $41,774.07 ; and total outlay, $38,- 

 482.53. 



It was in May, 1892, that an oil cistern was built under the Los Angeles 

 Terminal railroad, a few rods north of the North Orange Grove Avenue cros- 

 sing, and an oil pipe laid from there to the pumping works, so as to use crude 

 petroleum instead of coal for fuel. And it was in 1892-3 that the submerged 

 dam was built, 22 feet from its top down to bed rock at deepest point. [Find 

 full account of this dam in Daily Star, December 19, 1892.] 



In 1894 the pumps were started April 18, and run 13 hours per day, 

 making 212 strokes per minute, and lifting 60,000 gallons of water per hour, 



