DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 529 



in connection with these events, there took place on the Pacific coast an al- 

 most entire change in the plants and animals occupying the region.' '* 



The above extracts are taken from pages 294 to 301, omitting every- 

 thing but what seemed to have some bearing on our Pasadena case. For 

 account of glacial marks on granite rocks at Devil's Gate, and other evi- 

 dences of glacier work hereabouts, see chapter 29, on Geology. 



OUR ANCIENT TOWNSITE. 



The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association was organized December 23^ 

 1873. One of their first necessities was to secure a water supply both for 

 domestic use and for irrigation purposes. Their highest point of land was 

 at the iiorth end of the street they had laid out as Orange Grove Avenue, 

 between it and the brow of the great Arroyo Seco chasm, and here they de- 

 cided to build a colony reservoir. The site had long been used for a sheep 

 corral, because of the land sloping away in every direction and thus giving 

 the shepherds and their dogs an advantage in detecting the approach by day 

 or night of bears, coyotes, mountain lions, foxes, wild cats, or other animals 

 that prey upon sheep or lambs ; and also because of the bountiful springs at 

 the foot of the great bluff, where the pumping works are now located. The 

 ground was covered several inches deep with sheep manure, which was scraped 

 off and hauled away to fertilize young trees or growing crops. This left ex- 

 posed the original unbroken surface of the ground which had never before 

 felt the upturning stroke of plow or pick. This top was composed of moun- 

 tain-debris soil just like the surface at lower points all around. The exca- 

 vation was commenced, with no thought of anything unusual in the situ- 

 ation. However, when the work had progressed to a depth of about four 

 feet below that unbroken surface the plows and picks began to turn up 

 specimens of stones that had been wrought and fashioned by man for his 

 own special uses. These relics were so abundant that they attracted a good 

 deal of interest and curiosity at the time, and many persons carried away 

 specimens to keep as curios. As nearly as I can learn, over a hundred 

 specimens were carried away at that time, and quite as many more have 

 been taken since. Yet in all this time, being now over twenty years, it has 

 been regarded as simply an old Indian village site, such as are found in 

 many places all over California, New Mexico, Arizona, etc.; and that the 

 stone implements found here had no greater historic interest or significance 

 than those found in hundreds of other places. But a very different and 

 more far.-reaching view of the matter was first publicly announced by Dr. 

 Reid at a meeting of the Pasadena Fortnightly Club, February 27, 1894, 

 Archaeology and Geology being the topics of the evening, under auspices of 



*See Geology of Cal., Vol. 1— J. D. Whitney, state geologist (published by the state. Printed at 

 Phi'adelphia —1805), page* 250 to 253. The fossils were experied by such eminent authorities as Prcf=. S. 

 Newberry and Joseph Leidy. 



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