DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 53 1 



tain points, and transported deposits still in place hereabouts, besides the 

 evidences of ancient deposits again washed away and leaving cobblestone 

 walls of great height, all conspire to show that at the time our ancient 

 townsite was occupied, the lyinda Vista hills did not terminate with " Jumbo 

 Knob" as they do now, but extended across the arroyo to Reservoir hill, 

 that being its eastern end, and no great arroyo gulf there at all. The lyinda 

 Vista lands and the corresponding body of level land on the east side were 

 then continuous clear across and formed the bottom of a terrace lake, with our 

 stone-age village at its lower end ; and its overflow waters swept out over 

 and down the floodplain between the ridges of Orange Grove Avenue and 

 Marengo Avenue, or at an earlier period, beyond Marengo Avenue south- 

 eastward,, the land being higher than now all across from reservoir 

 hill to Summit Avenue. At Devil's Gate there was another barrier ledge, 

 the Verdugo hills extending across probably as far east as Monks Hill, and 

 thus making another terrace lake in the Arroyo Seco and La Canyada above 

 this great natural dam. The line of bluffs or barrier ledge from Columbia 

 Hill eastward, taking in Grace Hill, Raymond Hill, Oak Knoll, etc., held 

 another terrace lake where the lower part of Pasadena city is now situated. 

 And the Lincoln Park Hills which now terminate with Gibraltar butte, where 

 the Santa Fe R. R. crosses the Arroyo, was then joined continuously with the 

 hills extending westward below Highland Park, thus making another great 

 lake where South Pasadena and Garvanza are now located.* This was 

 prior to or during the glacial epoch of geology, or the great ice age of 

 North America, which did not extend in its full rigor as far south as Pasa- 

 dena, but yet the climatic conditions produced by it in the Sierra Nevada 

 mountains and north and eastward therefrom did powerfully affect this 

 region ; and the four terrace lakes then existing within the bounds of Pasa- 

 denaland were destroyed by the violent meteorological disturbances connected 

 with the closing of the ice age. These disturbances were also especially 

 connected with the great lava flow which during that period covered the whole 

 northern part of Californiaj and large parts of Nevada, Oregon and Idaho 

 with the molten products of intense and long continued volcanic eruptions. 

 And now, it will be necessary to again quote some passages from our emi- 

 nent scientific authority, Prof. Wright, and bring our pre-Pasadenians into 

 nearer relation with contemporary events at points farther north. He is 

 both a far-traveled explorer and a learned scientist. His great work on 

 "The Ice Age of North America " was published in 1889. But in April, 



*The South Pasadena plain and the Garvanza plain were continuous clear across, being the level 

 b-ittom of the lake; and the greit Arroyo gap, with its cobblestone walls or bhifF-i_on each side, is a 

 valley of erosion, washed out since the lake waters found an outlet through the hills directly south. 



t '' The extent of the outflows ofla^a west of the Rocky Mountains is almost beyond comprehension. 

 Literally, hundreds of thousai ds of square miles have been covered by them to a depi h in many places 

 of thousands of feet " — /l/flH ntid the Glacial Penod. p. 321, International Scientific .Series No. 69 1S92. 

 " In the Snake River Valley, Idaho, there are not far from twelve thousand square miles o' teiritcry 

 covered with a continuous stratum of basaltic lava, extending nearly across the entire diameter of the 

 State from east to west."— /d. p. 295. 



