DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 543 



imbedded at Reservoir Hill, Pasadena, in February, 1874, was cotemporary 

 in geological age with the " Man" of Table Mountain, and hence bad the 

 same animals as co- occupants of the land ; and therefore I give here some 

 of Prof. Whitney's instances, as pertinent to this History : 



Page 102 : Bones of mastodon and horse found in post-pliocene beds 

 (gravel and boulders of gray sandstone) near Benicia on the Bay of San 

 Francisco. 



Page 232 : Bones of mastodon and elephant found in Tertiary and post- 

 Tertiary beds in Tuolumne county. At Gold Springs in that county, bones 

 of mastodon, elephant and horse found in great abundance. 



Page 251 : Under lava flow in same county, bones of rhinoceros, an 

 extinct species of hippopotamus, extinct species of horse, extinct species of 

 camel resembling Megalomeryx (lycidy), and remains of Mali were found. 



Page 252 : Again in same county (post-pliocene beds) along with mas- 

 todon, etc., were found bones of tapir and bison, and two species of horse — 

 one of these being identical with the living mustang or Indian pony. 

 Remains of mastodon and elephant constantly spoken of as being very 

 abundant ; and rude stone implements of Man found in same formations. 



KINDS OF ROCKS. 



The rocks of these Pasadena mountains present nearly every variety of 

 the granitic series ; but no mass or stratum of any of the limestones, sand- 

 stones, shales, or carboniferous formation. In Rubio canyon there is a bed 

 of peculiar silverglint rock which has the soap-like feel of steatite, and I 

 have classed it as micaceous talc — a hydro- mica-schist formation. The 

 layers of different kinds of granitic rocks are somewhat defined, and some 

 approach to systemic stratification can be traced. I have identified massive 

 bodies of porphyry, apparently consisting of a mass mixture of feldspar, 

 hornblende, and augite or pyroxene, with disseminated crystals of white feld- 

 spar, and called by miners simply " black spar." Of this structure is the 

 dark greenish rock wall on the east side of Rubio canyon, where the 

 Pavilion platform rests on the abrupt mountain slope. Farther up this 

 canyon there are layers of micaceous granite, quite friable, and steadily de- 

 composing. Then a layer of syenite, which merges into a stratum of gneiss 

 at the Hanging CHffs. And beyond that again are lofty, towering masses 

 comprising thousands of feet of syenite in various degrees of hardness, of 

 texture, and of color — this being that form of granite which is composed of 

 quartz and feldspar, combined with hornblende instead of mica : and these 

 rocks are often interjected with seams, dykes or veins of quartz, or quartz 

 and feldspar in fused or metamorphic combination. Above this again lies a 

 bed some hundreds of feet in thickness, of a brown, ferruginous gneissic 

 rock, with marked schistose peculiarities, (also called quartzite) and coming 

 the nearest to a real sandstone of any massive body of rock that I found ; 

 but it seems to be both brecciable and solutive, and its mass readily decom- 

 poses or fractuates on exposure to air and moisture ; hence it is of no value 



