DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 547 



and diffused througli the mass of quartz and the mass of crude porph5^ry 

 ["porphyriticdump" formation], both of which now hold it in molecular com- 

 bination — with the result that it is not found as free gold, but only as flour 

 gold, or verily " gold-dust," in small quantit}^ after the ore has been ground 

 to finest powder and the precious metal successfully separated. 



THE GOLD VEIN. 



There is a vein of auriferous quartz extending easterly and westerly 

 along the wall of the front range of these mountains, with a dip northward 

 at an angle of 45 degrees, or more. In 1886 an outcrop of this vein was 

 found on Mount Wilson ; there was a flurry of excitement over it for a few 

 weeks, and a number of claims were staked ; a little gold was found but not 

 enough to pay for working, and the claims were abandoned.* 



An outcrop of the same vein occurs in the west wall of Pine canyon, 

 which lies between Eaton and Rubio canyons; and the "Carrie Mine" was 

 there being developed by its owners, E. V. Carson and Jesse Dickey, when 

 I visited it September 30, and again December i, 1893. Their first tunnel 

 starts into the face of- the mountain some 50 or 60 feet below the mineral 

 outcrop and extends inward 100 feet on a level, running due north. At 

 about 50 feet from the entrance it passes through the fissure vein, and at the 

 inner end it strikes another vein less rich than the first, though still deemed 

 worth working — but here a caving down occurred, and work at that point 

 had to be stopped for the present. At the junction with the first vein side- 

 drifts or tunnels were worked both eastward and westward, the west one 

 dipping downward and yielding "pay rock" of the kinds called in miners' 

 parlance, "oxide," "sulphide," "honey-comb," and "sugar quartz." Be- 

 sides the "Carrie" mine, the same parties had staked the "Pine Tree" 

 mine, adjoining it on the east ; the "Edith " mine on the west; the "Sum- 

 mit," a deposit of lead carbonate gold-bearing rock near the top of this 

 mineral ridge; and the "Surprise," a twelve-inch vein of gold-bearing 

 feroxide quartz several hundred feet lower down, and in the east wall of Pine 

 canyon, all the others being in the west wall. The following assays were 

 made and duly certified by Wade & Wade, assayers, of Los Angeles : 



GOLD. SILVER. 



July 26, 1893 — Ore from the "Carrie "mine, per ton, $ 89.50 $ 3.85 

 " " " " " 249.07 12.28 



Aug. 12, " " " " _" " 135-18 4.97 



July 13, 1893 — Ore from the " Edith " mine, " 75-45 1.92 



Besides these results from professional assayers, Mr. Dickey had made 

 numerous tests for his own satisfaction, by the method which miners call 

 "horning out" — that is, reducing the ore to a fine powder in an iron 

 mortar, then separating the gold by using a horn spoon for a washer, and 

 weighing it in delicate pocket scales that tip the beam even to grains and 

 pennyweights, or "the small dust in the balance." 



The "Carrie," the "Edith," and the "Pine Tree" mines lie about 

 3,000 feet above sea level. 



* " Parties down from Wilson's Peak today report about 300 men there prospecting now, and that 

 there are 38 men at work on the new trail." — Pasadena Union. August 27, 18S6. 



The same paper of September 3, speaking of W. H. Korstian and Frank Hearn of Pasadena, said: 

 "After spending a week in diligent testing of their claim, they have just returned laden with some 

 very rich specimens. The official assay makes a showing' of $\€g per ton of pure melal." The Los 

 Angeles Herald at i-ame time reported: "There is gold in the giavel of the Santa Anita, Forsylh 

 [Las Flores], San Gabriel and Precipicio [Eaton] canyons, which spprcach (ach other very near in the 

 mountains. Various ledges between these have been sampled and assayed, and yield gold from J50 to 

 $300 per ton." — Los Angeles Herald, September— , 18S6. 



