DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 567 



Grove Avenue, across the street east from Reservoir hill. After passing 

 through the surface soil or "glacial till" formation, fifteen or twenty feet, 

 there was a continued alternation of water-wash layers of sand, gravel, 

 cobblestones — each time in this consecutive order. Then at about 100 feet 

 below the surface he encountered a stratum of pipe-clay which was eighteen 

 feet thick. As soon as this was passed through, a water-bearing bed of 

 sand and gravel was met with and penetrated two feet, yielding an abundant 

 supply of water. The total depth of the well was 120 feet. The bed of 

 pipe-clay passed through in this case is the same that crops out in the bluff 

 and in the roadway gully at foot of the hill road leading down to the I^inda 

 Vista bridge. [See page 559.] 



In the spring of 1890, Dr. R. H. Shoemaker, at corner of Craig Avenue 

 and San Pasqual street, bored a well seventy -five feet deep, in which water 

 stands twenty feet. A steam pump was tried on it at forty lifts per minute. 

 This rapid rate succeeded in breaking the machinery but not in emptying 

 the well. I visited this well on September 10, 1894, and found a gas engine 

 steadily at work pumping 1,000 gallons per hour, as stated by the pump- 

 man in charge. 



In 1890 Joseph Heslope sunk two wells 500 feet deep on his place be- 

 tween the Titus and Winston farms, and the}^ flowed over the surface, but 

 not strong enough to suit, so he tapped them with outflow pipes six feet 

 below the surface, and got a stream of nine inches of water ; and this water 

 is now piped away to San Gabriel and Savannah. 



In October, 1891, Mrs. Black, on south side of San Pasqual street 

 opposite Dr. Shoemaker's, sunk a well 100 feet deep, with a stand of sixty 

 feet of water in the tube. 



In 1 89 1, Iv. H. Titus sunk a well on his peach farm on California street 

 and Santa Anita Avenue to a depth of 500 feet, and water stands in it to 

 within thirteen feet of the surface. 



In 1892 A. J. Painter sunk a well fifty-five feet deep, on Painter's Flat 

 at the Arroyo Park grounds, near where his dummy railroad then ran from 

 the Painter hotel down to Devil's Gate ; and from it was p'umped a steady 

 stream of seven miners' inches. Then a few rods southwest from this, J. 

 Benj. Wilson had a well near the Arroyo bank, forty-five feet deep with 

 three feet of water, which had stood true for five or six years. But in 1894 

 the water companies run a tunnel forty feet below the bottom of the well 

 and drained it dry. This shows that there is a barrier ledge or dyke or 

 waterproof rim of some sort between the underground basin and the Arroyo 

 gorge. P. W. Lloyd owns this Wilson place now, and has a well shaft 

 eighty-five feet deep to the bottom of the tunnel, from which he raises water 

 by a windmill. 



In the summer of 1893, C. S. Carpenter, at corner of California street 

 and Shorb Avenue, sunk a well 120 feet deep, and tested it with a steam 



