DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 569 



hence was not an artesian well at all. It was a costly and sorry experiment 

 for Mr. Craig, but was really the most heroic and valuable thing that 

 had yet been done toward finding out what were the subterranean water re- 

 sources of Pasadenaland. This was in 1880 or '81. 



About the same time the Foord Brothers had obtained a flowing well in 

 a cienega or bog at foot of Santa Anita Avenue, this bog being a pocket in 

 the Craig Avenue swale on the road between the original Ford and Winston 

 farms, and out of it flowed Foord's creek. The Foord Bros.'s farm is the 

 northwest part of lands of the East San Gabriel I^and and Water Co., as 

 shown on the official map of Pasadena, but is now owned by E. K. Alex- 

 ander. The well was tubed, and flows there yet, close bj^ the east side of 

 the road. 



The next notable effort on this line occurred early in 1886, and I copy 

 here a report of it which I made in the Valley Union of May 28, 1886 : 



"Mr. Iv. H. Titus has recently completed a remarkably successful 

 artesian well. It is 290 feet deep from the surface, flowing out on higher 

 ground than any other artesian well yet made in that region, and it flows 

 freely to a height of eight feet and three inches above the surface. The water 

 from this artesian well is as clear as crystal and gives no taste of mineral 

 properties, but is warm, its temperature being 72 degrees Fahrenheit. It 

 took them over three months to make this well. At seven feet from the sur- 

 face they struck boulders and had to drill through them. At the depth of 

 218 feet they found a stratum of cement rock 21 feet tnick, and in this they 

 could drill about two feet per day. At 284 feet they struck the rounded 

 side of a granite boulder which their tools could not phase. In forcing the 

 tubing down it was bent and partly ilattened against this rock. Here was 

 the point where 99 men out of 100 would have given up, — but Mr. Titus 

 stuck to it with iron grit — invented tools to rasp away the side of that flinty 

 rock— kept up the unequal struggle at that abysmal depth for three weeks — 

 finally forced the passage and then in a short time reached a bed of sand 

 and gravel six feet lower, and here came the splendid flow of water above 

 described. ' ' 



The "stratum of cement rock 21 feet thick," above mentioned as being 

 met with at 218 feet below the surface, is the eastern dip of the conglom- 

 erate formation which crops out as " Eagle Rock," three or four miles west 

 of Pasadena, and is again exposed by erosion at the mouth of San Rafael 

 [or Johnson's] creek opposite foot of Columbia street, and is seen low down 

 in east bank of the Arroyo Seco right across from the mouth of San Rafael 

 creek. 



The next important artesian venture was that of E. F. Hurlbut on 

 South Orange Grove Avenue. In speaking of this the Pasadena Star of 

 April 10, 1889, said : 



' ' A looser formation was struck yesterday than the drill had been pass- 

 ing through for some time, but nothing else. At a depth of 480 feet the 

 first spring was struck since leaving the surface water at a depth of sixty-six 

 feet. The water raised in the well twenty feet yesterday." 



