DIVISION EIGHT — SGIENCE. 573 



debris ; the third one has not been brought into use yet, but will be entered 

 in a week or so by tunnelers, who will work from its bottom both ways, one 

 gang excavating toward the prospect shaft, and the other gang toward a 

 junction with the passage already made ; and it is calculated that two more 

 air-shafts will be necessary before they reach their water limit. The whole 

 passage has been made through a bed of boulders, sand and gravel, with a 

 little yellow clay mixed in, and many of the boulders are so large that they 

 cannot be got out at all but must be drilled and blasted in order to clear a 

 passage. The theory of this great enterprise is, that at or near their pros- 

 pect shaft they will strike the sloping bed-rock of the mountain base, and 

 thus undertap the percolation of the whole water-bearing stratum above the 

 bed of the tunnel, which will be i6o feet below the surface at that point. 

 The prospect shaft already penetrates five feet of the water-bearing stratum, 

 and how much thicker that stratum is can only be determined by the 

 philosophy of pick and drill. If they meet the bed-rock as anticipated, then 

 they have right-of-way to cross-cut for several hundred feet both east and 

 west, thus making lateral catch basins that wnll turn flowing streams into 

 the outlet tvmnel from both ways. The whole scheme is a gigantic experi- 

 ment, based on a few known facts, and some unproved theories that look 

 very plausible. But it costs a mint of money and a vast deal of pluck to 

 make such a bold problemetical venture ; and it is to be hoped that it will 

 prove even a greater success than the projectors have reckoned on. The 

 famous Bacon ranch tunnel, near where the S. G. V. railroad crosses Fair 

 Oaks Avenue in South Pasadena, is 675 feet long, but this new one will be 

 more than four times as long, counting its lateral feeders. ' ' 



Sad to saj^ this great enterprise proved an entire failure ; and the 3,000 

 feet tunnel lies there, dry and worthless, to rivet and clinch the name of 

 "Dry canyon." 



There are seven or eight tunnels connected with the Rubio canyon and 

 Echo Mountain water supply. Two, I think, in Pine canyon, four in L,as 

 Flores canyon, and others in Eaton canyon, Millard canyon, and in banks 

 of the Arroyo Seco and its tributaries ; also at Einda Vista, and Henniger's 

 flat, etc. — besides those in the Glacial Terrace — a total of about fifty water 

 tunnels within Pasadenaland in 1S94. Some of these are further mentioned 

 in connection with history' of the water companies to which the}' belong. 



October 10, 1891, a Board of Trade committee consisting of J. A. Bu- 

 chanan, J. W. Scoville, A. J. Painter and James Craig made a report on 

 Pasadena's water supply, from which I quote this passage, as printed in the 

 weekly Star of October 14 : 



" From the state engineer's report it is ascertained that the water avail- 

 able for use in this vicinity, estimated for the dry season of dry 3'ears, is as 

 follows : 



Sheep Corral springs 60 miner's inches 



Ivy, Thibbets, and Flutter wheel springs 100 miner's inches 



Painter's system 10 miner's inches 



Millard canyon 7 miner's inches 



Eas Flores canyon 10 miner's inches 



Rubio canyon 15 miner's inches 



Eaton cauA^on 40 miner's inches 



Total 244 miner's inches 



A miner's inch of water is equal to a flow of nine gallons per minute. 

 [See page 414; and foot note, page 421.] 



