Chap. 7. 



BOTANY OF VERMONT. 



173 



PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 



NATIVE FOREST TREES. 



the following spring. This is the large 

 beetle which so often enters houses in 

 the evening, attracted by the light with- 

 in. 



Although a large proportion of insects 

 are move or less injurious, there are also 

 otliers from which man derives very con- 



siderable benefit. Among the most val- 

 uable of tJiese in this state, may be reck- 

 oned the Honey Bee and the Silk Worm, 

 which furnish us witii most exquisite ar- 

 ticles of food and clothing. But of the 

 great majority of insects scarcely any 

 thing is known either of good or evil. 



CHAPTER VII. 



BOTANY OF VERMONT 



Section I. 

 Catalogue of Vermont Plants. 



By Wm. Oakes, of Ipswich, Massachugctts. 



Preliminary Observations. 



The State of Vermont, in the richness 

 and beauty of its vegetation, is scarcely 

 equalled by any of the New England 

 States. It owes this, no doubt, to the fer- 

 tility of its soil, the moisture of its cli- 

 mate, and its situation on the ridges and 

 western borders of the mountains. Its 

 ranges of mountains, stretching the whole 

 length of the State from north to south, 

 intercept and often exhaust the summer 

 clouds and rains, which generally come 

 from the west, so that the destructive 

 droughts, which are so often felt in New 

 Hampshire and the other New England 

 States, are almost unknown in Vermont. 

 The State excels in the number and vari- 

 ety of its Forest Trees, possessing, with 

 the exception of eight, all the known 

 species of New England. The following 

 is the list of 



the native forest trees of verjiont. 



Lime Tree, or Bass Wood. Tilia Ameri- 

 ca an . 

 Wild Black Cherry. Cerasus serolina. 

 Sugar Maple. Acer sacclianivumi. 

 White Maple. Acer dasycarpuvi. 

 Red Maple. Acer rubrvni. 

 White Ash. Fraxiims acuminata. 

 Red Asli. Fraximif; puhcscens. 

 Black Ash. Fra:cinus sartibiix.ifolia.' 

 Sassafras. La.urva Sassafras. 

 Tupelo, or Sour Gum. Nijssa muUiflora. 

 Red Mulberry. Morus rubra. 

 Hornbeam. Cnrpimis Americana. 

 I^ron Wood. Ostrya Virginica. 



White Beech. Fogns sylvcstris. 



Red Beech. Fagusfcrruginca. 



Chestnut. Castnnca vcsca,var. Arnericana 



White Oak. Qiicrcus alia. 



Swamp White Oak. Quercvs hicolar. 



Overcup White Oak. Qucroismaxrocarfa. 



Black Oak. Qiicrcus tinctoria. 



Red Oak. Quercus rubra. 



Rock Chestnut Oak. Qucrrus viontana. 



Scarlet Oak. Querais cocciiica. 



Large \^ hite Birch. Bctula popi/racca. 



Small WJiite Birch. Betula populifolia. 



Black Birch. Bcfnla knta. 



Yellow Birch. Befula exceha. 



Balsam Poplar. Popvlus balsamifern. 



Heart-leaved Balsam Poplar. Populm 



canc/icavs. 

 Cotton Poplar. Populin Cnnadcvsis. 

 V^ermont Poplar. Popiilus moniliflra. 

 Large Aspen. Populus grandidciitafa. 

 American Aspen. Populus tremulmdcs. 

 Button Wood. Plaianus occidentalis. 

 Common Elm. Ulntus Aniencana. 

 Slippery Elm. Ulnius fulva. 

 Northern Cork Elm. Ulwus raccmosa. 

 Hoop Ash,or Hackberry. CcUis.occidcntalis. 

 Butternut, or Oilnut. Juglans ciiierea. 

 Shellbark Hickory. Carya squnmosa. 

 Pignut Hickory. Carya porcina. 

 Bitter Pignut Hickory. Carya amara. 

 White Pine. Pinvs Sirobus. 

 Red Pine, or Norway Pine. Pinusrcsinosa. 

 Pitch Pine. Pinus rigida. 

 Double Spruce. Pinus nigra. 

 Single Spruce. Pinus alba. 

 Balsam Fir. Pinus bahamea. 

 Hemlock Spruce. Pinvs Canadensis. 

 American Larch, or Hackmatack. Pinus 



pcndulii. 

 Arbor Vitse, or '■ White Cedar." Thuja 



occidentali&. 

 Red Cedar. Jiinipcrus Virginiana 



52 species. 



