Chap. 7. 



BOTANY OF VERMONT. 



175 



numej;r of plants. 



WESTERN PART OF VERMONT. 



Slipjicr,on\y two, Cypripcdium acaule and 

 arUtinum, are found in the eastern part 

 of New England. 



Four species of Trillium are also found 

 in Vermont, of which one, the magnifi- 

 cent Great flowered Trillium, is found no- 

 where else in New England. In the eas- 

 tern part of Massachusetts, no species is 

 found except Trillium ccrnuum. 



Vermont is peculiarly rich in Orchideae. 

 The rare and beautiful Calypso has been 

 found no where else in the United States, 

 and Lister a conviillarioides in no other 

 New England state. All the species of 

 New England are found in Vermont, ex- 

 cept two, Tipularia discolor and Orchis 

 rotundifolia. 



Of the beautiful order of Ferns, Ver- 

 mont contains two species not found else- 

 where in New England, Pteris gracilis 

 and Aspidium aculeatum, and several fine 

 species which are wanting or rare in tiie 

 east of New England, are common in Ver- 

 mont. It has all the species of New Eng- 

 land except Lygodium palmatum and 

 Woodtcardia onocleoidcs. 



On the other jiand Vermont is wanting 

 in a great number of plants common in the 

 south and east of New England. Of course 

 it is destitute of all the species peculiar to 

 the seashore, and of all the numerous and 

 beautiful " Weeds" of the Sea. The ele- 

 gant Tulip Tree, common in the south- 

 west of New England, the splendid -Rose- 

 hay, and the fragrant Magnolia, are not 

 found in Vermont. In the whole there are 

 more than .500 NewEngland species which 

 it does not possess, of which we will only 

 mention Berberis vulgaris, Silene Pcnnsyl- 

 tanica, Tephrosia Virginiana, Rhexia Vir- 

 ginica, Liatris scariosa, Clet/ira alnifolia, 

 Euchroma coccinea, Jlnagallis arvensis, 

 Hypoxis erecta, Jlletris farinosa, Lilinm 

 superbimi, Poa Eragrostis, and Baptisia 

 tinctoria. 



The number of known ph^Rnogamous 

 plants of New England, with the addition 

 of the Ferns, is nearly or quite 1.50O, ex- 

 cluding a great number of nominal spe- 

 cies generally admitted. The number of 

 plants of Vermont of the same Orders, in 

 the present catalogue, is 929. The whole 

 number of species of the same orders ex- 

 isting within the limits of the state, is 

 doubtless as many as 1100 or 1200, so that 

 there is still a very ample field for the 

 discovery of additional species. Many 

 Bpecies, indeed, exist on the very borders 

 of Vermont, in New Hampshire and Mas- 

 sachusetts, which we have no authority 

 for inserting as natives of the state, and 

 have not admitted into the catalogue, al- 

 though we have no doubt that they are 

 also Vermont plants. 



We must not forget to mention that the 

 vegetation of the eastern part of Vermont 

 is greatly inferior in beauty and variety 

 to that of the western border. The pines 

 and firs prevail more at the east, and the 

 species of forest trees are not so numer- 

 ous. While the west has nearly every 

 plant of the east, the east is destitute of 

 a vast number of those of the west. 

 Among the species of Vermont plants 

 wanting at the east, we may mention the 

 Vermont Poplar, hoih the Balsam Poplars, 

 tlie Cotton Poplar, the Northern Cork 

 Elm, the Orcrcup White Oak, Viola Cana- 

 densis and rostrnta, Dielyfra Canadensis, 

 Uvularia grandifora, Jisplcniinn angusti- 

 folium, rhizophyllum, and Ruta muraria, 

 &c., besides others to be immediately no- 

 ticed. 



The western ridge of the Alleghany 

 mountains, which at the head of lake 

 Champlain ceasts to exist, is broken and 

 interrupted in the state of New York op- 

 posite the southwestern border of Ver- 

 mont, and thus an indirect and difficult 

 entrance is opened to some of the plants 

 of the west and northwest. The western 

 border of Vermont thus appears to be- 

 come the eastern limit of a considerable 

 number of plants, of which the following 

 is a pretty complete list. 



Anemone Pennsylvanica, 



Corydalis aurea, 



Symphoricarpus racemosus, 



Justicia Americana, 



Floerkea proserpinacoides, 



Ceanothus ovalis. 



Nasturtium natans, 



Viburnum pubescens, 



Zannichcllia palustris, 



Carex eburnea, 



Lathyrus ochroleucus, 



Ulmus racemosa, 



Quercus macrocarpa, 



Aster ptarmicoides, 



Pterospora andromedea, 



Pteris gracilis, 



Zizia integerrima, 



Lonicera hirsuta, 



Polanisia graveolens, 



Trillium grandiflorum,^ 

 Many of the above species, though not 

 found more eastwardly in the United 

 States; may possibly extend farther to the 

 east along the banks of the St. Lawrence. 

 The summits of Mansfield and Camel's 

 Hump Mountains, the highest mountains 

 in the state, have been pretty thoroughly 

 examined by Dr. Robbins, Mr. Tucker- 

 man, and Mr. Macrae. These mountains, 

 though destitute of trees at their very 

 summits, from the violence of the winds 



Found in New Brunswick, according to Hooker. 



