40 



GAZETTEER OF VERMONT. 



Part. III. 



BURLINGTON. 



BURLINGTON BAY. 



lines of steamboats between this place and 

 Whitehall, between this and St. Johns 

 and between this and St. Albans, by way 

 of Port Kent and Plattsburgh, besides nu- 

 merous arrivals of irregular boats, sloops, 

 &c. The boats from "Whitehall and St. 

 Johns arrive each day, Sunday excepted, 

 about 7 o'clock, P. M. and remain about 

 an hour to unload and take on board pas- 

 sengers and merchandize. The boat which 

 runs to Port Kent, Plattsburgh, and St. 

 Albans, leaves Burlington each morning 

 at half past seven, and returns about ti 

 o'clock, P. M. There are here three ex- 

 tensive wharves with store liouses, at 

 which the greater part of the merchandize 

 desio-ned for the northwestern section of 

 Vermont is landed. For the safety of the 

 navigation, a lighthouse has been erected 

 on Juniper island, at the entrance of Bur- 

 lington bay ; and for the security of the 

 anchorage before the town, a break-water 

 has been commenced here at the expense 

 of the general government * There are 

 three lines of mail stages, which arrive 

 and depart daily, one to the north, one to 

 the east, and one to the south. Besides 

 these, there are several stages which ar- 

 rive and depart twice or thrice a week. 

 The stages generally leave in the morn- 

 ino- andarrive in the afternoon before the 

 departure of the line boats for Whitehall 

 and St. John's. The trade of this place 

 is principally with New York, although 

 Boston, Troy and Montreal have a share, 

 and the amount of mercantile business 

 transacted here, does not fall much short 

 of a million of dollars annually. The iirst 

 regular mercantile store was opened in 

 Burlington, in the fall of 1769. It was 

 built by Stephen Keyes, Esq. and placed 

 under the charge of Mr. Orange Smith. 

 The second store was opened by Mr. 

 Zacheus Peaslee. In the year 1800, the 

 number of stores had increased to si.x. 

 They nowo.vceed 30, and several of them 

 do business amounting to from $.30, 000, to 

 near $300,000 each, annually. The village 

 contains about 400 dwelling houses, and 

 about 3000 inhabitants. The public build- 

 ings are the University buildings, six 

 churches, court house and jail, high school 

 for boys, female seminary, and two banks. 

 The ijnivcrsityt buildings consist of four 

 spacious edifices, located upon the summit 

 at the eastern extremity of the village, 

 one mile from the lake, and 281 feet above 

 its surface, and command one of the finest 

 prospects in the United States. The view 

 from the dome of the centre University 

 building, embraces the village — the lake 

 with its bays and islands — its steamboats 



*For an account of the Liaht House and Break- 

 water, see part second, page 216. t Part 2d, p. 144. 



and sloops — Winooski village, and Wi- 

 nooski river dashing through frightful 

 chasms, and then winding its way through 

 the verdant and beautiful meadows at the 

 north — and, more remote, hills and dales 

 and farms and woodlands, — and last of all 

 the circuit of lofty mountains, wlmse peaks 

 and summits form the grand outline, and 

 render the prospect one of the most in- 

 teresting and delightful which our country 

 affords. Winooski village is situated at 

 Winooski lower falls, one and a half miles 

 from Burlington village. A portion of 

 this village, containing some mills and 

 machinerj' lies on the Burlington side of 

 the river, but it is principally in Colches- 

 ter, under the name of which town it will 

 be more fully described. Statistics of 

 1840. — Horses, 3.51 ; cattle, 1,4.55 ; sheep, 

 C,642; swine, 3,917; wheat, bu. 2,462; 

 barley, 28; oats, 10,183; rye, 4,246; 

 buckwheat, 1,427; Indian corn, 11,450; 

 potatoes, 45,008 ; hay, tons, 4,241 ; sugar, 

 lbs. 340; wool, 10,660. Population, 4,271. 



Burlington Bat, a large open bay, ly- 

 ing west of Burlington village, between 

 Appletree point on the north and Pottier's 

 point on the south and embracing the en- 

 trance into Shelburne bay. 



Cabot, a post township 6 miles square, 

 in the western part of Caledonia county, 

 in lat. 44° 23' and long. 4" 42', and is 

 bounded north by Walden, east by Dan- 

 ville and Peacham, south by Marshfield, 

 and west by Monroe. It is 18 miles north 

 easterly from Montpelier, and 65 north 

 from Windsor. It was granted Novem- 

 ber 6, 1780, and chartered August 17, 

 1781, to Jesse Leavenworth and his asso- 

 ciates. The settlement of the town was 

 commenced on what is called Cabot 

 Plain, in April, 1785, by James Bruce, 

 Edmund Chapman, Jonathan Heath and 

 Benjamin Webster, with their families. 

 The females came into the town on snow- 

 shoes, and were obliged to suffer many 

 privations and hardships. This plain is 

 situated on the heioht of lands between 

 Connecticut and Winooski river, and 

 commands an extensive and beautiful 

 prospect, the outlines of which are form- 

 ed by the western range of the Green 

 mountains and by the White mountains, 

 in N. H. The religious denominations 

 are Congregationalists, Methodists, and 

 Baptists. This town is the native ;-lace 

 of the late Zera Colburn, who, at the age 

 of five or six years, astonished the world 

 by his extraordinary powers of cumputa- 

 tion. The surface of this town is gener- 

 ally uneven and the soil hard. The tim- 

 ber is mostly hard wood, with some hem- 

 lock and spruce. It is watered by Wi- 

 nooski river, which is formed of several 



