154 



GAZETTEER OP VERMONT. 



Part III. 



RUTLAND COUNXr. 



per mill. The soil of this township pre- 

 sents all the varieties from heavy loam to 

 alight sand, the eastern half appearing to 

 be chiefly of ■primitive formation, while 

 that of the western is trans itorij. Among 

 the useful minerals are found considera- 

 ble quantities of iron, superior clay for 

 bricks, and an abundance of lime in al- 

 most all its various forms. In the west 

 part several quarries of very beautiful 

 white and clouded marble have been open- 

 ed, and from which fire-places, monu- 

 ments, and other useful and ornamental 

 articles are manufactured, both for domes- 

 tic use and for the New York and other 

 markets. The quarry opened within a 

 few years near Sutherland's Falls, is ex- 

 ceedinglyfine and beautiful, and iswrought 

 to great extent. This township is divided 

 into two parishes, denominated East and 

 West parish. Rutland village, situated in 

 the east parish, is the most important 

 place. It is handsomely situated princi- 

 pally on a street running north and south, 

 and contains an Episcopal church, two 

 meeting houses, a court-house and jail, a 

 bank, a ])rinting oflice, 13 stores, 12 at- 

 tornies, 6 phj'sicians, the usual variety of 

 mechanics, and upwards of 100 dwelling- 

 houses. The longitude of the court-house, 

 according to Dr. Williams, is 72" 57' 27" 

 west from Greenwich, in the west par- 

 ish are two small villages, called IVest 

 Rutland and Gookiiis Falls. In the for- 

 mer are a Congregational meeting house, 

 2 stores, a tavern, and about 20 dwelling- 

 houses. In the latter a Methodist chap- 

 el, a store, an extensive paper manufacto- 

 ry, and a variety of mills and machinery. 

 Sutherland's Falls is also a_place of some 

 business, containing mills for sawing mar- 

 ble, &c. In the town are 16 schools, with 

 963 scholars. Statistics of 1840. — Horses, 

 475; cattle, 2,518 ; sheep, 28,332; swine, 

 1,017 ; wheat, bus. 3,708 ; barley, 8 ; oats, 

 15,722 ; rye, 2,199 ; buckwheat, 915 ; Ind. 

 corn, 19,347 , potatoes, 48,193 ; ha3'^,tons, 

 10,025; sugar, lbs. 51,833; wool, 69,902. 

 Population, 2,708. 



RtTTLAND County is situated on the 

 west side of the Green Mountains, and is 

 bounded north by Addison county, cast 

 by Windsor county, south by Bennington 

 county and west by Washington county, 

 N. Y. It lies between 43° 18' and 43° 

 54' north lat., and between 3^ 41" and 4° 

 19' east long., l)eing 42 miles long from 

 north to south, and 34 wide from east to 

 west, and containing 958 square miles. 

 It wae incorporated in February, 1781. 

 Rutland, situated near the centre of the 

 county, is the seat of justice. The su- 

 preme court commences its session here 

 on the 1st Tuesday after the 4th Tuesday 



of January ; and the county court on the 

 2d Tuesdays in April and September. 

 The United States circuit court sits here 

 annually on the 3d and the district court 

 on the 6th day of October. There are 

 several pleasant villages in this county, 

 of which Rutland and Castleton are the 

 most important. Otter creek flows through 

 the county from south to north, and is 

 the principal stream. Black, White and 

 Quechee rivers all originate in the east- 

 ern part, and flow easterly into Connect- 

 icut river. Pawlet river runs across the 

 southwest corner, and Poultney, Castle- 

 ton and Hubbard ton rivers water the 

 western part. Along Otter creek and in 

 the southwestern part of the county, the 

 surface is level and handsome, and the 

 soil of the first quality. The remaining 

 parts are hilly and broken, but the soil is 

 warm and well adapted to the production 

 of grass and grain. A range of granular 

 limestone passes through the county from 

 south to north along Otter creek, in which 

 a great number of quarries of excellent 

 marble have been opened. Along the 

 foot of the Green Mountains beds of ex- 

 cellent iron ore have been found in sever- 

 al places, particularly in the townships of 

 Tinmouth, Pittsford, CJiittenden, and 

 Brandon. The county extends over the 

 height of the Green RIountains through 

 the whole length of the eastern boun- 

 dary. Statistics of 1840. — Horses, 6,200 ; 

 cattle, 40,023; sheep, 271,727; swine, 

 15,563; wheat, bus. 40,116 ; barley, 853; 

 oats, 154,119; rye, 38,013; buckwheat, 

 10,850; Indian corn, 154,792; potatoes, 

 642,108; hay, tons, 103,737; suffar, lbs. 

 396,804; wool, 653,819. Pop., 30,701. 



Ryegate, a post town in the south- 

 east corner of Caledonia county, situated 

 in lat. 44° 12' and long. 4° 54', and is 

 bounded north by Barnet, east by Con- 

 necticut river, south by Newbury, in the 

 county of Orange, and west by Groton. 

 It lies directly opposite to the township 

 of Bath, in Grafton county, N. H., and 

 contains 20,492 acres, or 32 square miles. 

 It is 33 miles easterly from Montpelier, 

 58 miles northerly from Windsor, and 

 150 northwesterly from Boston, as the 

 roads are travelled. It was chartered 

 September 8, 1763. Ryegate was origi- 

 nally settled from Scotland. A company 

 was formed, in 1772, by a number of farm- 

 ers in the shires of Renfrew and Lenark, 

 for purchasing a tract of land for a set- 

 tlement in North America, and lOOOL 

 sterling raised to defray the expense. In 

 March, 1773, Mr. David Allen and James 

 Whitelaw, Esq., were sent by the compa- 

 ny to explore the country and purchase 

 such a tract of land as their funds would 



