REVIEW 347 



thermometer in warm water. A thermometer one or two degrees 

 out of register will ruin a hatch, even if all other conditions are 

 favorable. When the correction is not more than two degrees, it 

 may be marked on the thermometer and allowance made for the 

 error when reading. 



REVIEW. 



1. WTiat is meant by artificial incubation and brooding? 



2. Describe ancient methods of artificial incubation. 



3. Discuss the development of artificial hatching up to the present time. 



4. Discuss three essentials of an efficient incubator cellar. 



5. Discuss in detail incubator cellar design. 



6. Describe the double-sash plan for securing ventilation. 



7. Where is the best location for the incubator cellar? \Vhy? 



8. Compare hot-air and hot-water incubators. 



9. Discuss the possibilities and uses of a mammoth incubator. 



10. What seven points should be considered when selecting an incubator ? 



11. Where is the best place to run an incubator ? Why ? 



12. Why test the machine before filling the egg chamber? 



13. Give nine points to remember in the care of the lamp. 



14. What care should be exercised in filling the egg trays? 



15. What are the proper temperatures at different times for incubation? 



16. Describe two methods of taking the temperature in the incubator. 



17. Give rule and methods for turning the eggs. 



18. Why are the eggs turned? 



19. What factors influence cooling? 



20. Tell of the purpose of ventilation, and give the methods. 



21. Discuss in detail the relation of moisture to a successful hatch. 



22. How is the percentage of moisture determined? 



23. When should the eggs be tested? Give reasons. 



24. Describe an efficient tester, and give method of testing. 



25. Describe the appearance of: (1) An infertile egg, (2) an egg with a dead 



germ, (3) an egg with a growing germ, on the seventh day. 



26. Describe the appearances of eggs with a dead germ and eggs with a live 



germ on the fourteenth day. 



27. What special attention is required during the final hatching? 



28. Give the causes of poor hatches. 



References. — Poultry Experiments, by James Dryden, Utah Bulletin 102. 

 Incubation and Incubators, by R. H. Wood, U. S. Farmers' Bulletin 236. 

 Loss of Weight in Eggs during Incubation, by Horace Atwood, West Virginia 

 Bulletin 73. The Fertility and Hatching of Eggs, by Pearl and Surface, 

 Maine Bulletin 168. Some Factors Influencing the Vigor of Incubator Chicks, 

 by Horace Atwood, West Virginia Bulletin 124. Incubation of Chicks, by 

 W. R. Graham, Ontario Bulletin 163. Artificial Incubation, by G. Bradshaw, 

 New South Wales Farmers' Bulletin 22. Chinese Incubation, by D. G. Brill, 

 U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, 1900 Report. Carbon Dioxide under Setting 

 Hens, Connecticut Report, 1907. Humidity in Relation to Incubation, by 

 W. H. Day, Ontario Bulletin 163 



