528 Of Chimney Fireplaces. 



and section of a fireplace constructed or altered upon 

 this principle. The wall of the chimney in front at a 

 (Fig. 9) being only 4 inches thick, 4 inches more added 

 to it for the width of the throat would have left the 

 depth of the fireplace measured upon the hearth b c only 

 8 inches, which would have been too little; a niche c 

 and e was therefore made in the new back of the fire- 

 place for receiving the grate, which niche was 6 inches 

 deep in the centre of it, below 13 inches wide (or equal 

 in width to the grate), and 23 inches high ; finishing 

 above with a semicircular arch, which, in its highest 

 part, rose 7 inches above the upper part of the grate. 

 The doorway for the chimney-sweeper, which begins 

 just above the top of the niche, may be seen distinctly 

 in both the Figs. 8 and 9. The space marked (Fig. 

 9) behind this doorway may either be filled with loose 

 bricks, or may be left void. The manner in which the 

 piece of stone (f, Fig. 9) which is put under the mantle 

 of the chimney to reduce the height of the opening of 

 the fireplace, is rounded off on the inside, in order to 

 give a fair run to the column of smoke in its ascent 

 through the throat of the chimney, is clearly expressed 

 in this figure. 



The plan (Fig. 7) and elevation (Fig. 8) show how 

 much the width of the opening of the fireplace in front 

 is diminished, and how the covings in the new fireplace 

 are formed. 



A perfect idea of the form and dimension of the fire- 

 place in its original state, as also after its alteration, may 

 be had by a careful inspection of these figures. 



I have added the drawing (Fig. 10, Plate XI.) merely 

 to show how a fault, which I have found workmen in 

 general whom I have employed in altering fireplaces are 



