Fire-places and Kitchen Utensils. 183 



water 180 degrees, it must be sufficient for heating 

 23 Ibs. of water 157 degrees, for 157 is to 180 as 

 20 iV Ibs. to 23 Ibs. 



But if 23 Ibs. of water, at the temperature of 55, 

 require i Ib. of dry pine-wood, as fuel, to make it boil, 

 then 300 Ibs. of water (the quantity required in the 

 process in question) would require 1 2 ^ Ibs. of the wood 

 to heat it boiling-hot. 



To this quantity of fuel must be added that which 

 would be required to heat the meat (100 Ibs. weight) 

 boiling-hot. Now it has been found by actual experi- 

 ment by the late ingenious Doctor Crawford (see his 

 Treatise on Animal Heat, second edition, page 490) 

 that the flesh of an ox requires less heat to heat it than 

 water, in the proportion of 74 to 100; consequently 

 the quantity of beef in question (100 Ibs.) might be made 

 boiling-hot with precisely the same quantity of fuel as 

 would be required to heat 74 Ibs. of water at the same 

 temperature to the boiling-point. And this quantity in 

 the case in question would amount to 3 \ Ibs., as will be 

 found on making the computation. 



This quantity (34 Ibs.) added to that before found, 

 which would be required to heat the w^ater alone 

 (= 23 Ibs.), gives 264 Ibs. of dry pine-wood for the 

 quantity required to heat 300 Ibs. of water and 100 

 Ibs. beef (both at the temperature of 55) boiling-hot. 



To estimate the quantity of fuel which would be nec- 

 essary to keep this water and beef boiling-hot 3 hours, 

 we may have recourse to the results of my experiments. 

 In the Experiment No. 25 (see page 83), 508 Ibs. of 

 boiling-hot water were kept actually boiling not 

 merely kept boiling-hot 3 hours with the heat gen- 

 erated in the combustion of 4* Ibs. of dry pine-wood: 



