Fire-places and Kitchen Utensils. 207 



dishes. This boiler is distinctly seen with its wooden 

 cover (consisting of three pieces of deal united by two 

 pairs of hinges) in the Fig. 5, Plate IX. 



The five fire-places on the left-hand side of the mass of 

 brick-work are represented without their circular grates, 

 and the eight fire-places that are situated on the right 

 hand are shown with their circular grates in their places.* 



The fire-places of the four largest boilers, which are 

 situated in front of the brick-work, have doors or open- 

 ings, closed with stoppers, for introducing fuel into these 

 fire-places, and three of these openings are represented 

 in the plan as being closed by their stoppers ; while the 

 fourth (that situated on the right hand) is shown open, 

 or without its stopper. 



As all the rest of the fire-places (or stoves, as they 

 would be called in this country) are without any lateral 

 opening for introducing the fuel, when any fuel is to be 

 introduced into one of these fire-places, the stewpan or 

 saucepan must be removed for a moment for that 

 purpose. 



It will be observed that several of the horizontal canals 

 that carry off the smoke from the boilers are divided into 

 two branches, which unite at a little distance from their 

 fire-places. This contrivance is very useful, especially for 

 closed fire-places that are without flues under the boilers, 

 as it occasions the flame to divide under the bottom of 

 the boiler, and to play over every part of it in a thin 

 sheet. 



The reason why flues were not made under these 

 boilers was to render it possible to use occasionally 



* For a particular account of these circular grates, see pp. 35-157, and Plate 

 I., Figs. 3 and 4. In Great Britain these grates may be made very cheap of cast 

 iron. 



