Fire-places and Kitchen Utensils. 349 



them but ill adapted for the closed fire-places I have 

 recommended. Their handles being fastened to them 

 on their outsides (by rivets), the regularity of their form 

 is destroyed, and they cannot be made to fit well to the 

 circular openings in their fire-places, which they ought 

 to occupy and to fill. 



There are two ways in which this imperfection may 

 be remedied: the first, which is the least expensive, but 

 which is also at the same time the least perfect, is to 

 rivet the handle to the inside of the saucepan. This 

 leaves the outside of the saucepan circular or cylindrical, 

 that is to say, if care is taken to beat down the heads of 

 the riveting nails, and to make them flat and even with 

 the outside surface of the vessel ; but the regularity 

 of the form of the inside of the saucepan will in this 

 case be spoiled by that part of the handle that enters 

 the saucepan, which circumstance will not only render 

 it more difficult to keep the saucepan clean, but will 

 also make it impossible to close it well with a circular 

 cover. The cover may indeed be so contrived as to fit 

 the opening of the saucepan by making a notch in one 



Fig. 23. 



side of it to receive that part of the handle which is in 

 the way ; and in this manner I have sometimes caused 

 kitchen utensils already on hand to be altered and made 

 to serve very well for closed fire-places. The Figs. 23 



