Fire-places and Kitchen Utensils. 435 



meat, and in short perform every process of their 

 cookery ; and, when their victuals are done, their boiler 

 serves them for a dish, which, being placed on the 

 ground, the family sit round it, each individual capable 

 of feeding himself being provided with a wooden 

 spoon. 



This is precisely the same kind of kitchen utensil as 

 that used by the Bavarian wood-cutters when they go 

 into the mountains to fell wood ; and it is likewise used 

 by many poor families in the Tyrol and in Bavaria. 



These broad stewpans, with the addition of a tripod 

 of hammered iron, were adopted many years ago in 

 Bavaria, for the use of the soldiers in barracks; and 

 they still continue to be used by them. Some successful 

 attempts to improve them have, however, lately been 

 made, and it was the experiments which led to those 

 improvements that first induced me to turn my atten- 

 tion to this useful article of kitchen furniture. 



Before I proceed any farther in my account of these 

 shallow pans, and of the improvements of which they 

 have been found to be capable, it may perhaps be 

 proper to give an account of the manner in which they 

 are constructed, and of the price at which they are 

 sold. 



All those which are used in Bavaria come from the 

 Tyrol or from Styria, where there are considerable 

 manufactories of them ; and they are sold at Munich 

 by wholesale at 22 kreutzers (about i\d. sterling) the 

 pound, Bavarian weight, which is at the rate of 6d. 

 sterling per Ib. avoirdupois weight. 



One of these pans of large dimensions, namely, 1 8 

 inches in diameter above or at its brim, 15 inches in 

 diameter below, and 4 inches deep, bought at an iron- 



