230 ADULTERATIONS OF CONDENSED 



to skim a part of that milk and have their product still conform 

 with the food standards. 



Skimmed sweetened condensed milk can readily be detected by 

 its whitish color, while condensed whole milk has normally a rich 

 yellow color. When diluted, to the consistency of ordinary milk, 

 skimmed condensed milk, both the sweetened and the unsweetened, 

 foams very profusely when shaken, while diluted condensed whole 

 milk behaves similar to ordinary whole milk. 1 



Addition of Artificial Fats. In order to lower the cost of 

 manufacture, attempts have occasionally been made to skim the 

 fresh milk and substitute the abstracted fat by artificial fats of 

 animal or vegetable origin. 



Recent improvements in the method of manufacture have made 

 it possible to manufacture evaporated milk, made from skim milk 

 to which foreign fats, especially vegetable oils, such as cocoanut 

 oil, have been added. This milk has every appearance of, and will 

 commercially keep as well as genuine evaporated milk. A repre- 

 sentative of this imitation evaporated milk is the "Hebe" product. 

 This product consists of skim milk to which have been added vege- 

 table fats to replace the butter fat. The mixture is homogenized in 

 order to form a complete emulsion, then it is evaporated, filled in 

 cans and sterilized in a similar manner as the genuine evaporated 

 milk. 



The Federal law requires that the composition and ingredients 

 of these imitation products appear plainly on the label of the 

 package. 



It should be clearly understood by the manufacturer, the dealer 

 and the consumer that this imitation milk is inferior to the genuine 

 evaporated milk, in the fact that it lacks the important growth-pro- 

 moting and curative properties which are inherent in whole milk. 

 If sold on its own merits, and in accordance with the Federal 

 law, there can be no logical objection to the imitation product, but 

 if offered to the consumer as the genuine article the manufacture 

 and sale of imitation evaporated milk is a heinous crime against 

 humanity. 



Experiments conducted at Ohio State University, by Mr. 

 J. L. Hutchison, instructor in the Department of Agricultural 



1 For chemical tests of butter fat in condensed milk, see Chapters XXXI 

 and XXXII. 



