260 CHEMICAL, TESTS AND ANALYSES 



quently argue that they cannot afford to waste five cans out of every 

 batch. 



This is indeed a mistaken conception of economy. With the 

 exception of fermented milk, the "cut-opens" can be emptied into 

 the succeeding batch, so that all that is lost is the tin cans. Fer- 

 mented goods cannot be utilized anyway, neither on the market nor 

 elsewhere. Their loss, therefore, will occur whether in the form 

 of "cut-opens" or cans intended for the trade. 



The slight waste incurred by cutting open cans with sound 

 contents is insignificant as compared with the incalculable savings 

 which this practice may make possible by the early detection of 

 faulty goods and the prevention of their recurrence, by enabling 

 the manufacturer to withdraw suspicious goods from the market 

 before they have ruined the reputation of the respective brands, and 

 by furnishing a reliable check on the work of the employees, whose 

 knowledge, that their product is subjected to, and must pass a rigid 

 examination, acts as a moral stimulus for high quality, skill and 

 carefulness. 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



CHEMICAL TESTS AND ANALYSES OF MILK, SWEET- 

 ENED CONDENSED MILK, EVAPORATED MILK 

 AND MILK POWDERS 



In assembling these methods of analyses, preference has been 

 given the "Official and Provisional Methods of Analysis," published 

 by the American Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1 

 The official methods have been modified and supplemented by other 

 methods in numerous cases wherever, in the judgment of the writer 

 and others, such modifications and substitutions are better adapted 

 for analysis of these special products. A special effort has further 

 been made to include in this chapter modifications and abbreviations 

 of tests and analyses, adapted for the use of the factory operator, 

 whose knowledge, skill, facilities and time are too limited to enable 

 him to successfully follow the directions of the official methods, or 

 to execute delicate and difficult chemical analyses. 



1 United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, Bulletin 

 No. 107, 1912. Also Journal of the Assn. of Official Agr. Chemists, Vol. II, No. 3, 

 Nov. 15, 1916. 



