PRACTICAL TRE PLANTING. 23 



removed with little or no risk, but if a transplanted tree, 

 such as is sold by nurseries, can be obtained, this will be by 

 far the best. 



It is always well to have variety, and if the trees are to 

 be in line, this can be secured by having- different shades, as 

 the elm alternating- with the basswood. If they are to be 

 planted thick, arrang-e so that you can take the alternate ones 

 out without irregularity. This will certainly be required in 

 time, for you cannot g-et good shade trees if they are planted 

 too thick. If the grounds are large it will be advisable to 

 have clumps of trees. In this way they will grow better and 

 look better, but care should be taken to mix the varieties in 

 these clumps little and big, standard and shrubby trees will 

 grow well in this way that otherwise would not. 



For hedges, the best thing is to plow or dig a furrow, 

 and either put in small seedlings or seeds. In the case of 

 willows cuttings will do, but they must be thick and they 

 must be kept cut. The following are suitable for hedges : 

 Caragana, or Siberian Pea, the Wild Rose, the Artemisia, 

 the Willow, the Thorn, the Kim and the Maple. 



THK CLIMATK. 



We must not be disappointed if we are not successful in 

 meeting the requirements of the climate at first, but by the 

 help of fellow workers and of the members of our society, we 

 can learn what will suit our conditions. Much blame in the 

 matter of trees dying is alleged against our severe winter. 

 But this is not the principal cause of failure amongst forest 

 trees. I believe it is the hot dry weather preceding a sharp 

 spell of frost, especially in the early fall ; the frost comes 

 and checks the trees, then when the sap has gone down we 

 get two or three weeks of warm and dry weather. There is 

 at this time no sap in the bark to keep it soft so it practically 

 dries out. I have watched this minutely and find that the 

 same thing happens in the spring. Sap rises from as far 

 down as the tree is thawed out, and if the weather is very 

 warm exhausts itself, then dries up, and as soon as the root 



