THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



Tsuga heterophylla (Black Hemlock of low elevations). A fine 

 tree, the progeny of which forms a dense undergrowth underneath 

 Douglas fir. Heavy shade bearer, requiring plenty of moisture, 

 occurring in Alaska, Coast Range and Cascades. 



Picea sitchensis (Tideland Spruce). Along coast on moist soil 

 in Washington and Oregon, on dryer soil in Alaska, shade bearing 

 and branchy. Stinging needles. Up to 200 feet high. 



Sequoia washingtoniana (Bigtree). Occurring in the Sierras 

 in scattered groups at elevations ranging from 4,000 to 7,000 feet. 

 Enormous seeding capacity and sprouting capacity. Average 

 diameter 20 feet, height 275 feet, age up to 4,000 years. 



III. Pacific forest of moderately cold zone. 



This zone is economically of little importance, although it is 

 the forest zone proper, owing to the impossibility of agriculture 

 within this zone. It is " The Canadian Forest Zone." It lies in 

 the Sierras at 8,000 feet, in the Cascades at 4,000 feet, and in 

 Alaska at seashore. The forests of the Northern Rocky mountains 

 belong to it preferably. 



Pinus murrayana (Lodgepole Pine). Shade bearing, in close 

 stands, very branchy, very sappy, retaining cones, easily destroyed 

 by fire, closely related to the Jack Pine of the east. Frequent on 

 old burns, typical for Yellowstone Park, going south to Arizona. 



Larix occidentalis (Western Tamarack). Splendid lumber tree, 

 often in pure forests, optimum in Idaho, natural regeneration easy, 

 rapid height growth, little sap wood, timber equal to that of Long 

 Leaf Pine. 



Pinus flexilis (Limber White Pine). More branchy and much 

 shorter than eastern White Pine; forms open forests on south 

 slopes of Sierras and in Nevada at 7,000 feet elevation; it extends 

 from Montana southward to Colorado. 



Pinus monticola (Western White Pine). In Cascades, British 

 Columbia, Idaho, Montana, in the latter state more on slopes drain- 

 ing westward. 



Abies nobilis, amabilis, magnifica, the Red Firs of the west. 

 Magnifica known in California as Larch. The two first named often 

 associated with Abies grandis and more frequent In Washington and 

 Oregon than in California. Amabilis extends into Alaska. Red 

 Firs are lacking in the Rockies. Needles are dark. 



Picea engelmanni (White Spruce). At home in middle and 

 southern Rockies, on northern slopes at altitudes averaging 10,000 

 feet. 



Picea parryana (Colorado Blue Spruce). Needles very pointed 

 and stinging, of a bluish tint. Occupies moist ground. 

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