THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



B. Pure forests, pure ivoods, pure groups or bunches 



are such as contain one timber species only, 5 per cent, admixture 

 being permissible. Species able to form pure forests are termed 

 gregarious or ruling species, sub-divided into distinctly ruling 

 species, which are usually found in pure stands, and conditionally 

 ruling species, which are occasionally found in pure stands. 



I. After Drude, the participation of a species as a mess-mate at 

 the forest table is expressed by the following terminology: 



a. Social species, denoting the main character, the striking 

 feature (in numbers and volume) of the forest: the rank and file 

 of the forest; 



b. Gregarious species, occurring in clumps and groups, island 

 like; 



c. Copious species, interspersed with others, the degree of fre- 

 quency being interpreted by exponents, e. g., copious^ copious-, 

 copious^ ; 



d. Sparse species, occurring isolated and in single specimens; 



e. Solitary species, very isolated and very rare. 



II. The ratio of the participation might be expressed in per 

 cent., as follows: 



Social, forming G0% and over of grooving stock. 

 Gregarious, forming 40% and over of growing stock. 

 Copious, forming 20% and over of growing stock. 

 Sparse, forming 1% and over of gi-owing stock. 

 Solitary, ^forming less than 1% of growing stock. 

 Intermediate stages might be indicated by a combination of the 

 given designations, e. g., " social-gregarious." 



III. The configuration of the ground and the rapidity of its 

 change influence vitally the possibilities of a species as a component 

 of the forest. 



IV. Species which are not " ruling," or wliicli are locally not 

 " ruling," are called " dependent " species. 



A species might be ruling in Xorth Carolina, while it is depend- 

 ent in South Carolina. The distribution of the species is limited 

 by its demands on soil and climate. Far away from its center of 

 distribution, a species is likely to be dependent. 



V. The ruling species in the south are: Long Leaf Pine, Bald 

 Cypress, Loblolly Pine, Short Leaf Pine, Sweet Gum, Post Oak, 

 Cottonwoods, Chestnut. 



The ruling species in the west are : Lodgepole Pine, Pinus ponde- 



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