THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



The cover given should be one-fifth of an inch. The seeds are 

 mulched for three to seven days, before planting, in cold water. 

 Old seeds are apt to lie over for a whole year. Germination 

 occurs in from three to four weeks. The first leaves stand singly, 

 and not in sheathed bunches. The primordial leaves are strongly 

 serrate. The germinating percentage is high, say seventy to ninety 

 per cent. The seedlings of Pinus rigida creep on the ground the 

 first two years as if dwarfed. Prices: Banksiana, $5.00; mur- 

 rayana, $100.00; inops or virginiana, $1.10; jeffreyi, $4.00; mitris, 

 $10.00; ponderosa, $2.50; pungens, $4.50; resinosa, $9.00; rigida, 

 $2.50; European Scotch Pine, 50 cents; tuberculata, $4.50; taeda, 

 $10,00; palustris, $4.50 per pound. In Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine 

 and Table Mountain Pine the seed is not emitted for a number of 

 years from mature cones. At Biltmore, mitis drops the seed 

 between Xovember 1 and December 15; Palustris seeds seem to drop 

 before December 15, since seedlings appear by middle of January. 



In the arid West, and notably in the National Forests of 

 Arizona, the Forest Service has met with unexpected difficulties in 

 the afl'orestation of its lands with Western Yellow Pine. There 

 are dry winds in spring; and September already brings heavy frosts 

 which are more disastrous than is drought. The seedlings, nursery- 

 raised, and kept in cold storage till the rainy season begins, are 

 killed by the early frosts. Transplants, with deep-going roots, 

 three years old, supposed to be drought-resisting, have died. 



The Service has now adopted the following recipe: The 

 nurseries are neither shaded nor are they subirrigated. Sprinkling 

 must be light; if there were no sprinkling, the roots would go too 

 deep; if there were heavy sprinkling, too much foliage would de- 

 velop. Continuous cultivation is absolutely essential. The nur- 

 sery is ploughed to a depth of eight inches; the manure is kept at 

 a depth of three inches. 



D. VHiite Pine. 



White Pine seeds cannot be kept so easily over winter as Yellow 

 Pine seeds. The seed matures at Biltmore about September 15th, 

 and falls at once after maturing. The European recipe, " to gather 

 the seeds when drops of rosin appear on the cones," is misleading. 

 After gathering, the cones should be fully matured by exposure to 

 sunlight. Cones placed in heavy layers — over six inches — after 

 gathering are apt to . mould, when the seeds will be destroyed. 

 White Pine cones placed in light layers on wire netting emit the 

 seeds easily, when heat is applied, and when the cones are stirred 

 several times a day. The rooms in which the coning takes place 



