THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



after five to seven ^veeks. The five to seven cotyledons are pointed 

 and show two white stripes and a raised midrib above. 

 Two distinct varieties of Douglas Fir: 



a. Pacific Coast Douglas Fir, gi-owing rapidly, foliage bluish, 

 large cones, often two top shoots during summer, the second one 

 usually from a side bud. 



b. Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir, known as varietas glauca, 

 owing to its grayish foliage, of very slow growth, greater hardiness, 

 smaller cones, developing but one shoot annually. Price of seeds: 

 $3.75 per pound. 



H. liavrson's Cypress. 



Cones blue brown, globular, only six scales, Fuiall, three seeds 

 under scale, seeds two winged. Wing one-twenty-fifth inch wide. 

 Seeds mature in September and October, falling at once. 150,000 

 grains per pound. Sprouting with two cotyledons onh', one-fifth to 

 one-third inch long. Young seedlings stand the densest shade, nota- 

 bly of Alder. In the sapling stage, fungi seem to play haroc in the 

 plantations, a fact which may explain the small range of the species. 

 Seed 60 cents per pound. 



I. Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata). 



Scales of cones oval and upright, covering pairs of seeds. Seeds 

 two- winged; wings one-quarted inch long, elliptical, drawn in at top. 

 One pound contains 300,000 grains. Two cotyledons only. Seed- 

 lings stand heavy shade. Seed costs $2.25 per pound. 



Paragraph XVIII. Actual planting of seedlings: 

 Introductory remarks. 



A. The forester uses seedlings one to ten years old or, 

 better still, one to five years old. The plantinsr 'expenses increase 

 at a cubic ratio with the inci-easing weight of the plants. 



B. Seedlings are planted either ^iiritli or \iritliout " balls " 



of dirt. They are taken from the niu-sery or from the woods. 

 Yellow Pines over three years must be planted as " ball plants." 

 Ball planting is always safer, as it prevents a loss of root fibres. 

 Under any circumstances, it is wise to leave some di:i;t attached to 

 the roots, preventing the roots from drying and allowing them to 

 quickly re-establish their sucking contact with th^ pores of the soil. 



C. The small steuilet of yonng seedlings might be cut off 

 before planting (stump plants). Advantages of planting stumps: 



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