THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



VIII. Such plantations suffer less from snowbreak. 



IX. The rotation is shortened by a- number of years. In a 

 White Pine plantation made with seedlings seven years old, instead 

 of seedlings two years old, the rotation is reduced from fifty to 

 forty-five years; and the original cost of planting may be 27% 

 higher, figuring at 5% interest; 22% higher, figuring at 4% interest; 

 13% higher, figuring at 3% interest. 



C. Generally speaking, Oak, Hickory and Walnut 



should be planted one year old on account of the large size of the 

 tap roots. Spruce, Fir and Hemlock should be planted three to five 

 years old, after previous transplanting in the nursery. Ash should 

 be planted six years old Avhen used in moist sites having a luxurious 

 growth of weeds. Yellow Pine must always be planted one or two 

 years old, unless ball planting is resorted to. 



After Toumey: For the prairies, yearlings are best in case of 

 Cottonwoods, Box Elder, Soft Maple (Soft Maple sprouts in June 

 and is very small in fall), Russian Mulberry, Catalpa, Walnut, Black 

 Cherry, Locust and Honey-Locust. At Biltmore, Black Cherry trans- 

 plants three years old do very well. Locusts two years old are 

 clipped back. Maple and Ash are transplanted and used three to 

 four years old; Yellow Pines used one or two years old; White 

 Pines two, three or four years old; Catalpa one year old, etc. 



Paragraph XXI. Lifting seedlings from nursery 

 beds. 



It is not advisable to plow the seedlings out of the ground or 

 to tear them out with tongs. In the case of species having small 

 reproductive power (Conifers, Beech, Birch) additional care is 

 needed. The spade should be used; and the plant should be lifted 

 together with large clumps of dirt which, thrown on the ground,, 

 collapse and allow of the safe extrication of the plants contained in 

 the clumps. 



It is wise, carriage charges permitting, to allow some dirt to 

 stick to the i-oots. On more binding soil the hollow cylinder spade- 

 might be used for lifting small plants. Plants should be well cov- 

 ered with burlaps, wet moss, dirt, etc., at once after digging. Plants 

 left unearthed for a number of days should be heeled-in thoroughly, 

 shinglelike, one row covering the other, in a shady place. 



A machine lifting the seedling from' (sandy) nursery beds se- 

 curely, row by row, is used in the state nurseries of Hessen. It is- 

 constructed by Forstwart Laudenburger. 

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