THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



D. Tlie Wartenberg Iron consists of a sword 18 inches long, 

 attached to a heavy handle. Price $2.25. Similar irons were made 

 at Biltmore out of three-inch wagon tire, at a small cost. A deep 

 cleft is made by the iron in which tap-rooted seedlings are readily 

 inserted. On binding soil, however, or in a broomsedge field, the use 

 of this iron cannot be recommended. 



E. The planting hammer is used to make small holes for 

 small roots. The iron part of the hammer is about five inches long. 

 Tlie planting hatchet, a similar make, may be used to advantage for 

 jjlanting one-year-old plants. The holes are closed by beating the 

 dirt round the holes with the back of the hammer or with the 

 hatchet. 



F. Von Alemann constructed a very heavy square spade which 

 is pushed and drawn in a particular way, like the lever of a hand- 

 car on the railroads, so as to make the lower part of the hole wider 

 than the middle part, the cross-section of the hole forming an X. 

 If Oaks are planted, an extra hole is made at the bottom of that 

 made with the spade, by means of a long dagger in which the tap 

 root of the oak is to be imbedded. The hole is closed by pressure 

 from above. It seems doubtful whether the soil will close entirely 

 over the roots unless it be sandy. One man plants 580 Oaks two 

 years old or 1,270 Yellow Pines two years old with this instrument 

 on plowed ground. 



G. The Planting Beak, constructed by Barth, makes and 

 empties a triangular hole, removing the dirt filling the hole. Plants 

 one or two years old are placed along the vertical side of the hole. 

 Then the dirt kept in the beak is filled in. The instrument is 3% 

 feet long and weighs 15 pounds. It is said to be superior to all 

 cleft planting tools, whilst it works just as cheaply on loose soil. 



H. Planting under sod cover. (Von Alemann). Two sods 

 are turned over, like the covers of books, and laid back, upside 

 down, without loosening the " hinge " of the sods. The soil in the 

 hole is deeply worked with a spade. In the middle of the hole the 

 plant is placed, with the roots spread as much as possible within the 

 entire hole. Then the two sods are turned back into tlieir original 

 position, so that the seedling stands between them. This is a good 

 method on ground where frost is to be dreaded, and is used for 

 Ash, Alder and Water Birch one to three years old. 



I. Mound Planting (Manteuffel). Small mounds are made 

 consisting of rich nursery soil to be carried in baskets to the 

 plantations. The plant is placed into the mound, its roots touching 

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