THE ART OF THE SECOXD GROWTH 



vation, wliere labor is cheap and where the soil does not allow of 

 using teams and machiner}'. 



Mules and horses are muEzled to protect broad-leaved seedlings 

 from being browsed. 



Paragraph XXVII. Prairie planting in particular. 



A. Tlie prairie exhibits climatic differences as marked 



as those prevailing between the State of Georgia and the District of 

 Labrador. 



" General prescriptions for prairie planting " are impossible, 

 owing to these climatic diversities. 



B. The species used must be adapted to the quality of the 

 soil, the intensity of summer heat, the duration of the summer, the 



soil moisture, the air moisttire. Native trees should be given the 

 preference in cas€ of doubt. 



C. Prairie plantations are meant either for production of 

 farm timber (ties, posts, etc.), or for shelter to stock, house, 

 orchard and field. 



D. Species recommended for prairie planting are: 



I. For Canada: 



White Spruce, Cottonwood, Balm of Gilead, Box-elder, Green 

 Ash, Russian Poplar; further Yellow Pines. 



II. For Minnesota and Dakota: 



Cottonwoods, Soft Maples, Willows, Ashes, Box-elder, Tama- 

 rack in swamps. Bur Oak along rivers. 



III. For Nebraska and Iowa: 



The same species and Red Cedar, Russian Mulberry. 



IV. For Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missoiu'i: 



Osage Orange, Black Locust, Hardy Catalpa, Post Oak and 

 White Oak. 



E. Naturally we should expect the Xerophytic species, 



like Yellow Pines, to do best in the prairies, and the old stumps found 

 buried in the ground bear testimony to their possibilities. Being 

 evergreen, the Pines protect the farmers best from blizzards. Still, 

 just Pines are most apt to meet with distress previous and after 

 the act of planting. Ball planting should be tried. The European 

 Pinus montana resists wind particularly well. 



F. Preparation of soil: It is best to prepare the soil thor- 

 oughly by several years' field crops. Deep plowing is required 



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