A ]M E R I C A N SYLVICULTURE 



Remove the top layer of the soil, by peeling, and beat the dirt 

 •out of the peeled sods onto the seed beds. Mix it with the dirt 

 of the underground in fall. In spring, burn the sods and other 

 vegetable matter at hand on the beds, mixing the wood ashes thus 

 •obtained with the top soil. Spruce shall not be transplanted and 

 is to be used when two years old. Fir and all broad-leafed species 

 must be transplanted. 



D. Von Ueblagger method: Regardless of species and age 

 and size, all seedlings are dug from all beds, before the frost sets in, 

 and are kept in a heeled-in position, duly covered, all winter long. 

 The beds free from seedlings are impregnated and fertilized by the 

 atmosphere during winter. The seedlings are ready to outplant or 

 transplant at once in spring. The results obtained are excellent. 



Paragraph XXXV. Raising and planting hard- 

 wood seedlings. 



Beech.: Usual age of plants fit for use, two to five years. 

 Transplants rarely used. Ball plants very successful. Bunch plant- 

 ing best, especially for underplanting. Do not cut stemlet to the 

 ground and avoid pruning. Planting in open clearings hardly suc- 

 cessful. Beech best for underplanting. Instruments used are: hoe, 

 spiral spade, cleft irons. Almost light demander on poor soil. 

 Beech is exacting (good soil and moisture). 



Black Locust: Seeds shovild be planted two to two and one- 

 lialf inches deep, an exception from the usual rule as to the depth 

 of planting, considering the small size of the seed. Drills eight 

 inches apart. Germinating percentage of seeds A^ery high. Seedlings 

 :arc fit for planting when one year old. Usually, however, they 

 are left in the seed bed for two years, and are then planted directly 

 in the open. The planting of stiunps and fall planting are strongly 

 recommended. Plantations handicapped by twigboring moth 

 (Ecdytolopha species) and by voles. Locust grown in the open is 

 inferior to forest grown Locust. 



Linden : Is usually planted in the open as a transplant three 

 to four years old, or as a ball plant two or three years old. Spring 

 planting. Good soil required. Pruning of branches a necessity. 

 Plantations in Biltmore made in '98 on splendid soil, but without 

 ■cover overhead, were slow to develop. 



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