A :\I E R I C A X SYLVICULTURE 



planted in drills tAVo inches deep two inches apart, the rows of 

 drills six to twelve inches apart. At Biltmore planting of seedlings 

 has met with continuous failure. Planting under cover or under 

 an usher growth is probably advisable. Chestnut is exacting, need- 

 ing atmospheric as well as soil moisture. 



Tree Alder: It is usually planted as a transplant three to 

 five years old. Yearlings are too small; seedlings two years old can 

 be ball planted. Trimming allowed. Seeds planted broadcast on the 

 beds, one- fourth inch of dirt on top. Sprinkling necessary. No 

 protection against atmosphere needed. On swampy ground, fall 

 planting of transplants is best. Since Alder is particularly well 

 adapted to thrive on non-aerated soil, it should be tried for prairie 

 planting. 



Birch: Seeds very poor in percentage of germination. Seeds 

 must be covered very slightly or better perhaps, must- be beaten 

 with a shovel into the nursery soil after broadcasting. Formation 

 of crust over seeds is best prevented by a cover of Pine branches. 

 Under lath screens, the germs are apt to damp off. Seedlings are 

 planted either as two year olds, with or without balls, or as trans- 

 planted stumps three to five years old. Birch is sensitive to deep 

 planting; is not affected by heat, frost or drought. 



Ash: The easiest species among hardwoods to raise, plant and 

 transplant. Planted as a seedling one year old or transplanted up 

 to three times. Plants as old as eight years can be planted suc- 

 cessfully without balls. Seed is placed in rills seven to twelve 

 inches apart. Where soil is very weedy, large and strong trans- 

 plants must be used. Planting in holes, on mounds or in furrows. 

 The cleft spade is also permissible in planting yearlings. Trimming 

 is not advisable, except to prevent formation of forks. Transplant- 

 ing of germs, in June, is quite successful. 



Elm: Seeds to be planted in summer (excepting Slippery 

 Elms), just after ripening, in rich nurseries, and to receive very 

 light cover of sand. Seed beds must be sprinkled, and the forma- 

 tion of a crust must be prevented. Seedlings cannot penetrate 

 a layer of one-half an inch of dirt. Usually, transplants three to 

 five years old are used. Fall planting is preferred. Elms stand 

 trimming easily. 



Maple: Drills three-fourth inches deep, one inch wide, eight 

 inches apart. Transplanting takes place when seedlings are one 

 or two years old. Seedlings grow rapidly. Fall planting is pre- 

 ferable. Planting in large holes is best, since Maple cannot form 



