THE ART OF THE SECOXD GROWTH 



The branch is cut oflF as close to the bole as possible. Large 

 branches are cut off in sections to prevent the bole from being 

 scarred. In the case of broad-leafed species and in the case of 

 live branches, large wounds are always tarred. Tarring in spring 

 is impossible. 



Expense at Biltmore for pruning Yellow Pine to a height of 

 sixteen feet is two cents per tree. 



The best months for pruning are the months at which the 

 sap is down. 



The advisability of pruning depends largely on the prospective 

 price — difference between clear lumber and knotty lumber. 



Pruning at a late date, say twenty years before cutting, is of 

 no use. Theoretically it is best to remove dead branches in the 

 year of their death. 



Where pruning is practiced, natural pruning produced by dense 

 planting and hence dense planting itself might be spared, a propo- 

 sition which cannot be indorsed generally. 



Professor Knapp, Eric Forest School, urges tlie removal of side 

 buds (notably for White Pine) and of young side shoots. 



Literature: Translation of DeCourval by Massachusetts For- 

 estrv Association. 



Paragraph LXIV. Underplantin^ in seed forests. 



An upper story of high forest might be underplanted during the 

 pole stage either artificially or by natural seed regeneration. In 

 the latter case, weed species may answer the purpose. Underplant- 

 ing may improve the timber quality of the upper growth. It usually 

 does improve the productiveness of the soil. 



Frequently the purpose at stake in underplanting is that of 

 fully utilizing the productive capacity of the soil and of the atmos- 

 phere at a time when it is not entirely used by the upper story of 

 growth. In that ease, vmderplanting cannot be considered as a 

 method of forest pedagogic. 



A. The species to be underplanted are, notably, light 

 demanders; for instance. Yellow Pines; Oaks; Hickories; Larches; 

 Yellow Poplar, etc. In the primeval woods, Long-leaf Pine, Yellow 

 Pine, Yellow Poplar, etc., show a natural undergrowth. 



In practice, the wood to be underplanted is fcrty to sixty years 

 old. Hea\y " thinnings from below " precede underplanting. 

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