THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



huge trees known as " standards " or '' reserves " — the latter term 

 is used by H. S. Graves — having a ninch higher age and frequently 

 belonging to a species different from that or those forming the 

 main growing stock. Instances are: 



Yellow Poplar standards in Beech compartments; 



White Pine standards in Balsam compartments; 



Douglas Fir standards in compartments of Sitka Spruce; 



Yellow Pine standards in Oak groups; 



Cuban Pine standards in Cuban Pine groups; 



Long-leaf Pine standards in Cuban Pine groups. 



Naturally, Avhere the standards belong to several age-classes and 

 do not form a distinct age-class by themselves, we merely meet a 

 selection form. 



Standards in primeval woods are frequent enough to call for 

 the singling out of a fourth form, namely: 



d. A standard form, which might be again subdivided into: 



A form of standards (reserves) over groups; 



A form of standards (reserves) over compartments. 



A variety of the latter subform found in the Cliaparal thickets 

 of California and in the Calmia thickets of North Carolina might 

 be termed " form of standards over paucivendible compartments." 



The two-storied seed forest is often formed by two or more 

 distinct species appearing in distinct forms. It had better be con- 

 sidered as a combination of forms, one form being grafted upon 

 another (e. g., compartments of Douglas Fir grafted upon the 

 selection form of Hemlock) ; or one form being wedded to another 

 (e. g., group form of Long-leaf Pine wedded with compartments of 

 Black Jack Oak). 



The term " two-storied seed forest " properly applies to a 

 permanent combination of two distinct tiers of trees (representing 

 one or more species), each tier emanating from regeneration by the 

 compartment type of n. s. r. It is a compartment form wedded 

 to a compartment form, never found in primeval nature. 



III. Treatment of primeval forests: 



Tlie only treatment required is of a protective, not of a strictly 

 sylvi cultural character. 



As long as the forest retains its primeval display, unhampered 

 by human interference, the regeneration of the primeval selection 

 form is of the cleared, shelterwood or advance growth selection type; 

 the regeneration of the primeval group form is of the cleared or 

 advance growth group type; and the regeneration of the primeval 

 compartment form is usually of the cleared compartment type. 



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