A :M E R I C A N SYLVICULTURE 



propagation of the woods. Primeval forms of coppice forest proper 

 do not exist. 



Species propagating their kind, at least partially, by root- 

 suckers frequently form rootsucker forests closely resembling cop- 

 pice forests proper. 



Chestnuts, Locusts and many other hardwoods broken down by 

 storm may form natural sprouts from the stumps. Still, these 

 cases are probably so scattering as not to deserve the name of 

 " forms of primeval sprout forest." 



Thus there remain two large groups of sprout forests, namely 

 " Culled Sprout Forests " and " Cultured Sprout Forests.'" In both 

 cases we have to deal but with the large -area form or compart- 

 ment form of coppice. 



Woods seemingly consisting of vmeA'en-aged coppice shoots, 

 mixed in groups or individually, are treated as "forms of coppice- 

 under-standards " (Par. LXXIII to Par. LXXVIII), unless the 

 standards are worthless and promise to remain Avorthless. 



A. Culled forms of coppice: 



These forms emerge either directly from omnivendible primeval 

 forms, or else have passed through the intermediate stage of 

 " culled coppice under standards." 



I. Characteristic for culled coppice is: 

 An even display of growth. 



A surprising density of stand. 



The presence of some weathered and worthless snags and 

 stumps protruding from the even sea of coppice. 



II. Subdivision of culled coppice: 



Uniformity being characteristic for culled coppice, sub-forms can 

 scarcely be singled out, unless the means of coppicing — fire or axe — 

 serve as a criterion. Hence there might be distinguished 



a. The form of fire-cuUad coppice, and 



b. The form of axe-culled coppice. 



This distinction is not made on the basis of different display; 

 but on the basis of difference in treatment required by the two 

 forms. 



III. Treatment of culled coppice: 



The culled coppice is regenerated by being coppiced anew. In 

 the case of fire-culled coppice, it is wise to delay the second cut 

 as little as possible. 



Coppicing in patches or small groups is not advisable, the young 

 shoots requiring all the light available for rapid lignification. 



An insufficient number of stumps may call for artificial 

 reinforcing. 178 



