CHAPTER V 



PROPAGATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS OTHER 

 THAN WOOD AND TIMBER 



Paragraph LXXVIII. Raising of forest by-pro- 

 ducts. 



In many cases better revenue is obtained from the by-products 

 raised in the forest, than from the production of wood and timber. 

 In backwood sections, closed to traffic, forest pasture often yields 

 the only means of obtaining revenue. In densely Avooded districts, 

 the combination of agriculture with tree gi-owth is often advisable. 

 The main products thus obtained and the industries connected with 

 their production are: 



A. Tanbark and raising of tanbark: 



The thickness of the bark used for tanning purposes and ob- 

 tained either under a high forest or under a coppice forest system 

 is increased by proper thinnings. In Oak bark coppice abroad the 

 number of stumps per acre is about 2,000, reinforced by stump 

 planting at each cutting. The healthier the growth of the shoots, 

 the better are the tanning contents of the product. 



In America, at the present time, no difference is made in the 

 price of old, corky bark and of young, fleshy bark obtained from 

 shoots but five inches m diameter. 



B. Cork industry: 



The cork industry conducted in Southern France, Spain, 

 Portugal and Northern Africa. For America, its introduction seems 

 highly advisable. 



Experiments made in Georgia and in the Carolinas with plan- 

 tations of Cork Oak have produced very healthy trees; for reasons 

 unknown, however, the cork production was deficient. Possibly the 

 wrong species or the wrong variety was selected, or else mistakes 

 were made in choosing soil, exposure and sylvicultural treatment. 



Mayr recommends experiments with Quercus variabilis for the 

 section of Germany productive of Castanea vesca. 



C. Forest pasture: 



Up to 1880, forest pasture in the Pine woods of the South 

 (Cane-brakes) and in the hardwood forests of the Alleghanies, and 

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