TEREBINTHINA. TURPENTINE. 49 



fracture. The odor is characteristic, the taste some- 

 what aromatic and at first burning, later bitter with 

 after-effect of cooling. Its specific gravity is 0.993; i^ 

 melts at 175° C; sublimes at 200° C. Camphor is vola- 

 tile at ordinary temperature. It powders with any 

 liquid in which it is insoluble. It crystallizes in the 

 hexagonal system; is soluble in 1200 parts of water 

 and is readily S9luble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, 

 glacial acetic acid, carbon disulphide, acetone, and 

 benzol. It liquefies with chloral hydrate, or phenol, 

 thymol, resorcin, etc. 



Chemistry. — Pure camphor ispj^^Hj^O;) a ketone which 

 does not combine with bisulphites, but from this a 

 large number of derivatives are made by heating with 

 other substances. 



Camphor is now being made from turpentine on a large 

 scale. 



TEREBINTHINA. TURPENTINE. 



Turpentine is a concrete oleoresin obtained from 

 Piniis palustrisy Miller, and from other species of Pi mis. 



It is sometimes termed Terehinthina communis, in 

 distinction from Terehinthina Canadensis and Terebin- 

 ikina Venetia. 



Terebinthina is derived mainly in the United States 

 from Finns palustris and Finns Tccda, but almost all of the 

 larger pines yield it. The habitat from which most of 

 it is gathered is on the east coast from Canada to Florida 

 and west to Texas. Much is also being gathered in the 

 woods of Canada and the Northwest. Commercially 

 North Carolina and Georgia furnish most. 



Turpentine exudes naturally, but the process is slow. 

 For commercial purposes deep incisions or gouges are 

 made in the trees and the resin collected in troughs. 

 The earlier incisions give the best product. In the 

 following years the flow (yellow dip) is scanty, and the 

 products give but four gallons of oil to the barrel, in 

 4 



